Cherokee 2011 Refusal Skills Training Program that teaches young people how to resist pressures to begin smoking Life Skills Training Teaches stress reduction selfprotection decision making selfcontrol and social skills ID: 436765
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "Stress and Health" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
Stress and Health
Cherokee
2011Slide2Slide3
Refusal Skills Training: Program that teaches young people how to resist pressures to begin smoking
Life Skills Training: Teaches stress reduction, self-protection, decision making, self-control, and social skills
Wellness: Positive state of good health and well-beingSlide4Slide5
Stress
Mental and physical condition that occurs when a person must adjust or adapt to the environment
Includes marital and financial problems
Eustress
: Good stress (e.g., travel, dating)
Stress Reaction: Physical response to stress
Autonomic Nervous System is aroused
Stressor: Condition or event that challenges or threatens the person
Pressure: When a person must meet urgent external demands or expectationsSlide6
Burnout: Job-related condition (usually in helping professions) of physical, mental, and emotional exhaustion. Has three aspects:
Emotional Exhaustion: Feel “used up” and “empty”
Cynicism or detachment from others
Feeling of reduced personal accomplishmentSlide7
Primary Appraisal: Deciding if a situation is relevant or irrelevant, positive or threatening
Secondary Appraisal: Deciding how to cope with a threat or challenge
Perceived lack of control is just as threatening as an actual lack of controlSlide8
Problem-Focused Coping: Managing or altering the distressing situation
Emotion-Coping Focusing: Trying to control one’s emotional reactions to the situation
Frustration: Negative emotional state that occurs when one is prevented from reaching desired goals
External Frustration: Based on external conditions that impede progress toward a goal
Personal Frustration: Caused by personal characteristics that impede progress toward a goalSlide9Slide10
Aggression: Any response made with the intention of doing harm
Displaced Aggression: Redirecting aggression to a target other than the source of one’s frustration
Scapegoating
: Blaming a person or group for conditions they did not create; the scapegoat is a habitual target of displaced aggression
Escape: May mean actually leaving a source of frustration (dropping out of school) or psychologically escaping (apathy)Slide11
Conflicts
A stressful condition that occurs when a person must choose between contradictory needs, desires, motives, or demands
Avoidance-Avoidance Conflicts: Being forced to choose between two negative or undesirable alternatives (e.g., choosing between going to the doctor or contracting cancer)
NOT choosing may be impossible or undesirable
Approach-Avoidance Conflicts: Being attracted (drawn to) and repelled by the same goal or activity; attraction keeps person in the situation, but negative aspects can cause distress
Ambivalence: Mixed positive and negative feelings; central characteristic of approach-avoidance conflictsSlide12
Double Approach-Avoidance Conflicts: Each alternative has
both
positive and negative qualities
Vacillation: When one is attracted to both choices; seeing the positives and negatives of both choices and going “back and forth” before deciding, if deciding at all!
Multiple Approach-Avoidance Conflicts: When several alternatives have positive and negative featuresSlide13
Health Psychology:
What are some sources of Stress?
1. Approach-approach conflicts
:
Both outcomes are
positive
and both are of approximately
equal value
.
We would like to approach both outcomes but only one is possible.
Example = choosing between two good job offers.Slide14
Health Psychology:
What are some sources of Stress?
3. Approach-avoidance conflicts:
Achieving the positive outcome requires accepting a negative outcome as well.
People want the positive outcome but also want to avoid the negative outcome.
Example
: marrying your girlfriend against your parents wishes means they will take you out of their will.
Slide15
Health Psychology:
What are some sources of Stress?
4.Multiple approach-avoidance conflicts:
Both outcomes have positive and negative consequences.
Example
: one job pays poorly but your boss is easygoing; the other job pays extremely well but the boss is a taskmaster. Slide16Slide17
Learned Helplessness (Seligman)
Acquired (learned) inability to overcome obstacles and avoid aversive stimuli; learned passivity
Occurs when events
appear
to be uncontrollable
May feel helpless if failure is attributed to lasting, general factorsSlide18
Cardiac Personalities
Type A Personality: Personality type with elevated risk of heart attack; characterized by time urgency and chronic anger or hostility
Anger and hostility may be the key factors of this behavior
Type B Personality: All types other than Type As; unlikely to have a heart attackSlide19
Hardy Personality
Personality type associated with superior stress resistance
Sense of personal commitment to self and family
Feel they have control over their lives
See life as a series of challenges,Slide20
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
) Series of bodily reactions to prolonged stress; occurs in three stagesSlide21
Stage of Resistance: Body adjusts to stress but at a high physical cost; resistance to other stressors Is loweredSlide22
Stage of Exhaustion: Body’s resources are drained and stress hormones are depleted, possibly resulting in:
Psychosomatic disease
Loss of health
Complete collapse