Characteristics 1 Notochord extends through length of the body as a simple skeleton 2 Dorsal hollow nerve cord 3 Pharyngeal gill slits 4 Muscular postanal tail Three Subphylum ID: 466323
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Defining Characteristics
1. Notochord - extends through length of the body as a simple skeleton2. Dorsal, hollow nerve cord3. Pharyngeal gill slits4. Muscular postanal tailSlide3
Three Subphylum
Urochordata
TunicatesCephalochordataLancelets
VertebrataFishAmphibiansReptiles
Birds
MammalsSlide4
Tunicates
“Tail Cords” – over 2,000 species Adults sessile Free swimming larvae; only larvae have a 4 defining characteristics
SUBPHYLUM UROCHORDATASlide5
Lancelets
“Head-Cords”tiny marine animalsretain all 4 characteristics into adulthoodNotochord, pharyngeal slits, dorsal hollow nerve cord, post anal tailled to vertebratesFilter Feeders
SUBPHYLUM CEPHALOCHORDATASlide6
SUBPHYLUM VERTEBRATASlide7
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Classes1st vertebrates, aquaticGenerally characterized by scales, fins and pharyngeal gillsExothermic (Ectothermic) – no internal body temperature regulation
FishSlide8
Circulation
closed circulatory system with a 2 chambered heart. Reproductionreproduce through external fertilization - spawningSlide9
Jawless Fish
Hagfish (Class Myxini) and Lampreys (Cephalaspidomorphi)Lack vertebrae (hagfish) or have incomplete vertebral column (lamprey)Predators that attach to the side of a fish with modified mouthHave no scalesSlide10
Hagfish
no vertebrae
has a skullSlide11
Class Chondrichthyes
Cartilage fishSharks, skate, rays and sawfishPrimitive Older fishMost have to swim to breatheSlide12
Bony Fish
Ray finned fish (Class Actinopterygii ) - - most common fish - have jaws and paired fins - fins supported by rays fanning our from central boneLobe finned fish (Class Sarcopterygii) - fins supported by central axis bone - ancestors of amphibiansSlide13
Walking Fish - GrunionSlide14Slide15
Class Amphibia
Frogs and salemandersAquatic as larvae, after metamorphosis, live on land as adults.Have moist skin with many glandsmust be moist to breathe; respirate through skinevolved from fish 360 myaexothermic Slide16
Circulation
Amphibians have a double-loop circulatory system with three-chambered heart.ReproductionFertilization is external Shell-less eggs must be laid and fertilized in waterSlide17Slide18
Class Reptilia
Include 3 groups: snakes, turtles, crocodiles Fully adapted to life on landAmniotic eggscaly skin (prevents loss of moisture)Exothermic - regulate their body temperatures by basking in the sun, burrowing in the ground. Soaking in water etc…Slide19
Circulation
more efficient circulatory and respiratory systems (lungs, 3 chambered heart).Reproduction internal fertilizationLay fluid filled amniotic egg covered with a protective shellSlide20Slide21
Class Aves
Most are adapted for flightCovered with feathershollow bones2 legs for walking, 2 modified for wingsBirds are
endothermic - generate body heat internally by their own metabolism.Slide22
Circulation
4 chambered heart; allows for efficient delivery of O2 to cells.Reproductioninternal fertilization.incubate eggs and feed younghave amniotic eggs (keeps eggs moist)Slide23Slide24
Fossil evidence shows that birds evolved from the same line as crocodiles and dinosaurs.Slide25
Class Mammalia
Characteristics:hair - insulation, camouflage, sensory device, waterproofing, signaling and defensemammary glandsEndothermicSlide26
Circulation
4 Chambered heartRequire a constant supply of nutrients and oxygen to maintain homeostasis and metabolismKeeping blood separate makes the delivery of nutrients and oxygen more efficient.
ReproductionInternal fertilizationSlide27
Monotremes
- young develop in shelled eggs;
Ex. spiny anteater and duck-billed platypus2. Marsupial - young leave mother’s body to pouch before development is complete. Ex. kangaroo and opossum3. Placental - young develop completely within the uterus of the femaleEx. Human, whales, giraffe etc… 3 TypesSlide28