The Radical Republic Fueled by freedom of the Press By 1792 popular opinion had turned against the Monarchy The Radical Republic The National Convention the legislature writes a new constitution ID: 694554
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Slide1
French Revolution:
PHASE 3: Radical Republic to DirectorySlide2
The Radical RepublicSlide3
Fueled by
freedom of the Press
By 1792 popular opinion had turned
against the
Monarchy
!
The Radical RepublicSlide4
The National
Convention (the legislature) writes a new constitution
Ended the monarchyMade France a
REPUBLIC
– a government with elected officials
The Radical RepublicSlide5
Universal male suffrage
– all adult male citizens given the right to vote
The Radical RepublicSlide6
Primary goal was to encourage greater
equalityUniversal Elementary Education
Reforms of the RepublicSlide7
Reforms of the Republic
New land for peasants
Introduced wage & price controlsAbolished
slavery
in French colonies
Abolished
the Catholic ChurchSlide8
Reforms of the Republic
Other reforms to rid France of Old Regime:
Converted to metric system
Adopted new
calendar
New
street
names
No formal pronouns or titlesSlide9
The Sans-Culottes Lead the Way!
The
Sans-Culottes
(“without knee breeches”) – shopkeepers, artisans, & workers – were in chargeSlide10
The Sans-Culottes Lead the Way!
Rejected elaborate
clothingCalled each other “citizen” & “citizeness
”
Considered patrioticSlide11
Symbols
of the
RevolutionSlide12
Revolutionary Slogan
:“
liberte, egalite
,
fraternite
”
“Liberty,
equality,
fraternity!”Slide13
The new French flag -
tricolorSlide14
The
Phrygian
Cap
of LibertySlide15
The new anthem – The
Marseillaise
To arms, citizens!
Form your battalions,
Let us march, let us march!Slide16
Execution of the KingSlide17
Execution of the King
In 1793, King Louis is tried, convicted, and
beheaded
for
treason
by radicals
“
I
forgive those who are guilty of my death…”Slide18
Execution of the King
Execution of the king threatened foreign thrones
Monarchs of Great Britain, Spain, & Netherlands joined Austria & Prussia in an
alliance
against France
“The kings in alliance try to frighten us, but we hurl at their feet, as a gauge of battle, the French king’s head” - DantonSlide19
The National ConventionSlide20
Two Groups in the National Convention
JACOBINS
(extreme radicals):
Supported by sans-culottes
Had voted to execute
Louis XVI
Leaders: Robespierre, Danton & MaratSlide21
Two Groups in the National Convention
GIRONDISTS
(moderate radicals)Felt revolution had gone far enoughWanted to protect wealthy
middle class
Wanted to spread
ideasSlide22
The Committee of Public SafetySlide23
Committee of Public Safety
Formed by
Jacobins to direct war/repel foreign invasionAdopted conscription (the
draft
)Slide24
Committee of Public Safety
Also dealt with counter-revolutionaries
within France (those who wanted to stop the Revolution)
Formed the Revolutionary Tribunal –
court
for suspected counter-revolutionariesSlide25
Committee of Public Safety
Jacobins arrest Girondists as being secret
royalists!
Why?Slide26
Committee of Public Safety
Girondists retaliate!
Charlotte Corday, (Girondist
) killed Jacobin leader MaratSlide27
His assassination used as an excuse for:
the
Reign of Terror...
Committee of Public SafetySlide28
The Reign
of TerrorSlide29
The Reign of Terror
!
Led by Radicals (especially
Robespierre
)
Hunted down suspected
traitors
& counter-revolutionaries & turned them over to the Revolutionary TribunalSlide30
The Reign of Terror
Swift trials and
harsh sentencesMarie Antoinette
executed
Over 80% of those killed are
commoners
40,000
dead totalSlide31
The Reign of Terror
By spring of 1794, France was winning the
war & increased French territory
People called for an
end
to the Terror but…
Robespierre ordered new
arrests
!!Slide32
The
Thermidor Reaction (July)
Robespierre himself is sent to the guillotine
as people seek an end to the Reign of Terror
The people called for a
new
governmentSlide33
The DirectorySlide34
The Directory
Another new
constitution is writtenGovernment under the control of the wealthy
middle class
Only men with
property
could vote
Executive council of
5
men called
Directors2-house legislature (bicameral)Doesn’t last long…