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French Revolution: PHASE 3: Radical Republic to Directory French Revolution: PHASE 3: Radical Republic to Directory

French Revolution: PHASE 3: Radical Republic to Directory - PowerPoint Presentation

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French Revolution: PHASE 3: Radical Republic to Directory - PPT Presentation

The Radical Republic Fueled by freedom of the Press By 1792 popular opinion had turned against the Monarchy The Radical Republic The National Convention the legislature writes a new constitution ID: 694554

republic amp public terror amp republic terror public safety committee reign radical king france french convention execution reforms radicals

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Presentation Transcript

Slide1

French Revolution:

PHASE 3: Radical Republic to DirectorySlide2

The Radical RepublicSlide3

Fueled by

freedom of the Press

By 1792 popular opinion had turned

against the

Monarchy

!

The Radical RepublicSlide4

The National

Convention (the legislature) writes a new constitution

Ended the monarchyMade France a

REPUBLIC

– a government with elected officials

The Radical RepublicSlide5

Universal male suffrage

– all adult male citizens given the right to vote

The Radical RepublicSlide6

Primary goal was to encourage greater

equalityUniversal Elementary Education

Reforms of the RepublicSlide7

Reforms of the Republic

New land for peasants

Introduced wage & price controlsAbolished

slavery

in French colonies

Abolished

the Catholic ChurchSlide8

Reforms of the Republic

Other reforms to rid France of Old Regime:

Converted to metric system

Adopted new

calendar

New

street

names

No formal pronouns or titlesSlide9

The Sans-Culottes Lead the Way!

The

Sans-Culottes

(“without knee breeches”) – shopkeepers, artisans, & workers – were in chargeSlide10

The Sans-Culottes Lead the Way!

Rejected elaborate

clothingCalled each other “citizen” & “citizeness

Considered patrioticSlide11

Symbols

of the

RevolutionSlide12

Revolutionary Slogan

:“

liberte, egalite

,

fraternite

“Liberty,

equality,

fraternity!”Slide13

The new French flag -

tricolorSlide14

The

Phrygian

Cap

of LibertySlide15

The new anthem – The

Marseillaise

To arms, citizens!

Form your battalions,

Let us march, let us march!Slide16

Execution of the KingSlide17

Execution of the King

In 1793, King Louis is tried, convicted, and

beheaded

for

treason

by radicals

I

forgive those who are guilty of my death…”Slide18

Execution of the King

Execution of the king threatened foreign thrones

Monarchs of Great Britain, Spain, & Netherlands joined Austria & Prussia in an

alliance

against France

“The kings in alliance try to frighten us, but we hurl at their feet, as a gauge of battle, the French king’s head” - DantonSlide19

The National ConventionSlide20

Two Groups in the National Convention

JACOBINS

(extreme radicals):

Supported by sans-culottes

Had voted to execute

Louis XVI

Leaders: Robespierre, Danton & MaratSlide21

Two Groups in the National Convention

GIRONDISTS

(moderate radicals)Felt revolution had gone far enoughWanted to protect wealthy

middle class

Wanted to spread

ideasSlide22

The Committee of Public SafetySlide23

Committee of Public Safety

Formed by

Jacobins to direct war/repel foreign invasionAdopted conscription (the

draft

)Slide24

Committee of Public Safety

Also dealt with counter-revolutionaries

within France (those who wanted to stop the Revolution)

Formed the Revolutionary Tribunal –

court

for suspected counter-revolutionariesSlide25

Committee of Public Safety

Jacobins arrest Girondists as being secret

royalists!

Why?Slide26

Committee of Public Safety

Girondists retaliate!

Charlotte Corday, (Girondist

) killed Jacobin leader MaratSlide27

His assassination used as an excuse for:

the

Reign of Terror...

Committee of Public SafetySlide28

The Reign

of TerrorSlide29

The Reign of Terror

!

Led by Radicals (especially

Robespierre

)

Hunted down suspected

traitors

& counter-revolutionaries & turned them over to the Revolutionary TribunalSlide30

The Reign of Terror

Swift trials and

harsh sentencesMarie Antoinette

executed

Over 80% of those killed are

commoners

40,000

dead totalSlide31

The Reign of Terror

By spring of 1794, France was winning the

war & increased French territory

People called for an

end

to the Terror but…

Robespierre ordered new

arrests

!!Slide32

The

Thermidor Reaction (July)

Robespierre himself is sent to the guillotine

as people seek an end to the Reign of Terror

The people called for a

new

governmentSlide33

The DirectorySlide34

The Directory

Another new

constitution is writtenGovernment under the control of the wealthy

middle class

Only men with

property

could vote

Executive council of

5

men called

Directors2-house legislature (bicameral)Doesn’t last long…