Potential Loads and Sources for Bacteria and Nitrates Texas Institute for Applied Environmental Research Stephenville Texas June 4 2013 Lead Agency Texas Soil amp Water Conservation Board ID: 475210
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "Leona River" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
Leona River
Potential Loads and Sources for
Bacteria and Nitrates
Texas Institute for Applied Environmental Research
Stephenville, Texas
June 4, 2013Slide2
Lead Agency
-
Texas Soil & Water
Conservation Board
Support provided by
Nueces River AuthorityTexas A&M Dept Soil & Crop Sciences & Spatial Sciences Laboratory
AcknowledgementsSlide3
Modeling to Evaluate Water Quality and Sources
Load Duration Curves (LDCs)SELECT (Spatially Explicit Load Enrichment Calculation Tool)Slide4
Load Duration Curves (LDCs)Purpose:
To define flow conditions under which desired loads are exceededDefine potential load reductionsSlide5
Load Duration CurvesLDCs use the following:
Daily stream flow dataAllowable or desired concentrationMeasured concentrations and flowsSlide6
USGS 8204005
TCEQ 12988/12989
USGS 8204250
TCEQ 12987
USGS 8204500
TCEQ 12985
Locations for
Load Duration Curve DevelopmentSlide7
Load Duration Curves
Allowable or desired concentrationPrimary Contract Recreation StandardE. coli 126
cfu/100 mLGeneral Use Screening Level
Nitrate 1.95 mg/LSlide8
Assessment BacteriaSlide9
Assessment NitratesSlide10
Load Duration Curves
Steps -Develop Flow Duration Curve (FDC)(time history of daily flow data)
Calculate allowable loads(criterion or screening level)Estimate measured loads(measured concentrations and flow)
Compare measured to allowable loadsSlide11
Flow Duration Curves (FDCs)
Daily stream flows for a given time period ranked highest to lowest
Flow
Condition
Percent
Time Exceeded
High Flows
0-10%
Moist
Conditions
10-40%
Mid-Range
Conditions
40-60%
Dry
Conditions
60-90%
Low
Flows
90-100%Slide12
Use of LDCs for Source Identification
Source Graphic:
http://www.kdheks.gov/tmdl/basic.htm#dataThe Kansas Department of Health and Environment
High Flows
Mid-
Range
DryLow
Flows
MoistSlide13
FDC Leona River near Uvalde
1970 – 2010Slide14
LDC
E. coli
- Leona River near Uvalde
Criterion
126 cfu
/100 mLSlide15
Potential Reductions
% Reduction = (Allowable – Measured) Measured * 100Averaged by Flow CategorySlide16
LDC E. coli Leona River near UvaldeSlide17
Average Percent Reduction E. coli
NA
indicates not applicable, because most low flows were
zero flow.Slide18
LDC Nitrates Leona River near Divot
E. coli
data 1972 – 2012Slide19
Average Percent Reduction Nitrate
NA
indicates not applicable, because most low flows were zero
flow.Slide20
Potential Reductions Needs
Bacteria & Nitrate primarily at higher flows associated with rainfall-runoff
Bacteria lower flows indicated near BatesvilleNitrateslower flows indicated near Divot
Load Duration Curve - SummarySlide21
Questions
??s
Load Duration CurvesSlide22
SELECT
(S
patially Explicit Load E
nrichment Calculation Tool)
Developed by Dept. of Biological and Agricultural Engineering and Spatial Sciences Laboratory at Texas A&M University by Dr. R. Karthikeyan, Dr. R. Srinivasan and others
Modeling Bacteria SourcesSlide23
Identifies
POTENTIAL bacteria loadings by
subwatershed Based on spatial data, such as:Land use
SoilsStream networkAnimal densityPopulation information
SELECTSlide24
Spatial Science Laboratory Texas A&M University in College Station
Satellite imagery
Aerial photosGround control pointsGround verificationSlide25
Population & Household Densities
Census dataLivestock Densities
County Agricultural Statistics (USDA)WildlifeResource Experts (TPWD & others)Domestic & Feral Animals
Resource Experts (TPWD & others)
Input DataSlide26
Wastewater Treatment Facilities
UvaldeBatesville
US Fish & Wildlife Service National Fish HatcheryConcentrated Animal Feeding OperationsChaparral Cattle Feedlot (Uvalde)Live Oak Feedlot (Batesville)
Permitted FacilitiesSlide27
98%
99.8%
2%
6
8%
95%
32%
5%
4%
11%
84%
80%
17%
2%Slide28
CAFOs
Chaparral Cattle Feedlot south of
Uvalde(10,000 permitted head)Live Oak Feedlot southeast Batesville(8,000 permitted head)
Input
E. coli production rate 1E10 cfu
/animal/day assuming “treatment” efficiency of 80%Slide29
Cattle #s in Leona
Uvalde 5,516
Zavala 10,566 Frio 6,418
Input Fecal Production RateCattle 10E10 cfu
/animal/daySlide30
Input Fecal Production RateCattle 10E10
cfu/animal/day
Cattle distributed on Grassland Herbaceous and Pasture/Hay
Cattle #s in Leona
Uvalde 5,516
Zavala 10,566 Frio 6,418Slide31
Feral Hog #s in Leona
21,462
Input Fecal Production Rate
Feral Hogs 1.1E10 cfu/animal/day
Feral Hogs distributed on 100 meter buffer of stream in non-developed areasSlide32
Input Fecal Production Rate
Sheep/Goats 1.2E10
cfu/animal/day
Sheep/Goats distributed on Grassland Herbaceous, Pasture/Hay,
Shrubland & Woodland
Sheep/Goats #sin Leona Uvalde 8,055 Zavala 1,269
Frio 168Slide33
Deer #s in Leona
16.8/1,000 acres
Input Fecal Production Rate
Deer 3.5E8 cfu/animal/day
Deer distributed on Near-Riparian Forest, Shrubland & WoodlandSlide34
Dog #s in Leona
1.6/household
Input Fecal Production Rate
Dogs 5.0E9 cfu/animal/day
Homes in each subbasin based on 2010 Census Block DataSlide35
Masks out areas covered by public wastewater service areas
Homes in each
subbasin based on 2010 Census Block Data
Uses NRCS Soils Data to define Septic Drainage Limitation Class
Effluent Rate 10E6
cfu/100 mL with discharge of 60 gal/person/day for systems on soils with septic limitationsSlide36
Urban
Discharge (MGD)
Uvalde WWTF outfall #1
0.2604
Uvalde WWTF outfall #2
0.6138
Uvalde WWTF outfall #3
0.0558
Batesville
0.184
Fish Hatchery
0.8
Effluent EC rate based on 126
cfu
/100 mlSlide37
SELECT does not yet handle
Exotics
Small wildlife (birds, raccoons, etc)
Sources not includedSlide38
SELECT
Indicates potential loadings based on a “worst case” scenario
Highlight “hot spots” to consider for control effortsThese are preliminary results open to stakeholder feedbackSlide39
Contact Information
Nikki Jackson
Email: njackson@tiaer.tarleton.edu
Office
Phone: 254.968.1920Anne McFarland
Email: mcfarla@tiaer.tarleton.eduOffice Phone: 254.968.9581Slide40
Questions?
Thank You
Anne McFarland
Texas
Institute for Applied Environmental Researchmcfarla@tiaer.tarleton.edu254.968.9581