By Tesslyn Mustain 8 th Grade RELA Timberwood Middle School Used to Sway opinions Gain Support Degrade like in a political campaign An example of fallacies are the stories told by ID: 715912
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Slide1
Logical Fallacies-(or where our logic falls apart)
By
Tesslyn
Mustain
8
th
Grade RELA
Timberwood
Middle SchoolSlide2
Used to:
Sway opinions
Gain SupportDegrade (like in a political campaign)An example of fallacies are the stories told by people who assume they are true, just because most people believe the stories to be true.
Definition:
False
ideas or beliefs that are based on unsound arguments
.Slide3
Loaded Language/Appeal to Emotions
DEFINITION:
Using words or phrases, that are intended to inspire emotion in the reader or listener.
PROBLEM:
Derails an argument by getting the reader focused on emotion instead of facts.
EXAMPLES: The first term is an example of using loaded language:
Bureaucrat
vs. public servant
Pro-death vs. pro-choice
Regime vs. government
Elitist vs. expert
Put
up with vs. tolerate
A
t
a loss vs. bewilderSlide4
Oversimplifying/Exaggerations
DEFINITION:
To simplify to the point of distortion, or to ignore essential details.PROBLEM: It is factually incorrect- or weak on facts; therfore
the whole argument is weakened.
EXAMPLE:
“
People end up in jail because they are lazy or have weak morals.”
This
ignores the
social influences,
mental illness, and
many
other factors. Slide5
Slippery Slope
DEFINITION:
If we allow A to happen, then Z will eventually happen too; therefore, A should not happen.PROBLEM: it avoids engaging with the issue at hand, and instead shifts attention to extreme hypotheticals
. No real proof is presented.
EXAMPLE:
Colin Closet
says that
if we allow same-sex couples to marry, then the next thing we know we'll be allowing people to marry their parents, their cars and even monkeys
.Slide6
Ad Hominem
DEFINITION:
You attacked your opponent's character or personal traits in an attempt to undermine their argument.PROBLEM: They attack somebody, or cast doubt on their character as a way to discredit their argument.EXAMPLE: After Sally presents a solid case for a more fair tax system, Sam asks the audience whether we should believe anything from a woman who isn't married, was once arrested, and smells a bit weird.Slide7
Black or White
DEFINITION:
You presented two alternatives as the only possibilities, when in fact more possibilities exist.PROBLEM: This tactic looks like it’s making a logical argument, but instead there really are more possibilities than the either/or choice that is presented. It is misleading to the reader or listener.
EXAMPLE:
While rallying
support for his plan to
undermine
citizens' rights, the Supreme Leader told the people they were
either “for me or against me”.Slide8
For more fallacies…
Visit this website:
https://yourlogicalfallacyis.com/