Resilience and its Relationship with the 5-Step - PowerPoint Presentation

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Resilience and its Relationship with the 5-Step MethodProfessor Richard VellemanEmeritus Professor of Mental Health Research, University of Bath, UK and Senior Research Consultant, Sangath Community NGO, Goa, India

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Resilience- what is it?2Resilience is difficult to define, being differingly conceptualised as a process and as an outcome, as

a property that individuals possess and as something that may or may not develop and change,

as

a global (set of) characteristics and as an attribute which may show itself differently in different domains.

Resilience

can mean:

better

than expected developmental outcomes;

competence

when under stress;

or

positive functioning indicating recovery from trauma.

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Resilience- what is it?3Nevertheless, Psychological Resilience has been defined as “the capacity to adapt to and overcome stress and adversity” (American Psychological Association, 2014). Gilligan has similarly defined resilience as, “the capacity to transcend adversity

” (1997, p 14).

Both

of these definitions accept that being resilient

does not mean going through life without experiencing stress and pain

.

Rather

, individuals demonstrate resilience when they can

face difficult experiences and rise above them

without major difficulty. Slide4

Resilience- what is it?4Hence, ‘resilience’ has a number of core characteristics: It is a process rather than a trait;It is not a rare ability but can be found in many (probably most) individuals;People may be resilient in some areas and not in others;It is also not something that people are either born with or not; it can be learned and developed across the life span through cognitive processing, self-management skills and knowledge;

Supportive relationships (with parents, peers and others), as well as cultural beliefs and traditions, are all crucial. Slide5

Resilience- what is it?5In sum, it is a fluid process; it is not a single variable; it is open to change over time and according to circumstance, and

it is influenced by a range of individual, family, environmental and societal variables.

So, let’s agree that it is the

capacity to adapt to and overcome stress and adversity.Slide6

BRAINSTORM6Why might children of parents with substance problems develop resilience?How might this show itself as children?How might it show itself as adults?Slide7

Why might children of parents with substance problems develop resilience?7Mix and balance of Risk Factors and Protective FactorsRisk Factors: High levels of violence Experiencing or witnessing neglect or abuse – physical, verbal or sexual Poor and/or neglectful parenting Inconsistency from one or both parents

Having to adopt responsible or parenting roles at an early age

Feeling negative emotions such as shame, guilt, fear, anger and embarrassment

Possible neurodevelopmental consequences of substance misuse in

pregnancySlide8

Why might children of parents with substance problems develop resilience?8Protective Factors: Stable adult figure (usually non-substance misuser)Close positive bond with at least one adult in a caring role (e.g. parents, older siblings, g/parents);

A good support network beyond

this;

Little separation from

primary

carer in

first year;

Parents’ positive care style and

characteristics;

Engagement

in a range of

activities;

Positive

opportunities at times of life

transition;

Gaining experience

of success and

achievement;

Individual temperament;

Continuing

family cohesion and harmony in the face of the misuse and its related effects (e.g. domestic violence, serious mental health problems) Slide9

How might this show itself as children?9Evidence of resilience: Feelings: High self-esteem and confidence Feeling that there are choices

Feeling in control of own life

Actions/abilities

:

Self-efficacy

An

ability to deal with change

Skills and values that lead to good use of personal ability

A good range of problem-solving skills

Deliberate planning by the child that their adult life will be differentSlide10

Brainstorm in small groups10At the moment, the 5-Step Method is about reducing stress & strain and improving coping & support. How might we introduce more ideas of reducing risk factors and increasing protective ones, to also make family members more resilient?

Are

there tools/techniques to use and which steps could we introduce them in?Slide11

How might we introduce more ideas of reducing risk factors and increasing protective ones, to also make family members more resilient?11We can raise and discuss:What are your risk

factors, and how can you take any action to reduce them.

Eg

reduce risks of violence, or aggression,

And what are the

risk

factors for your children, and how can you take any action to reduce them.

Eg

reduce inconsistency in parenting, reduce overt disharmony, enable children to be children and not take on too many adult roles

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12AND:What are your protective factors, and how can you take any action to increase them.Eg Ensure there are stable figures around; ensure you have a close positive bond with at least one supportive adult; ensure you have a good support network beyond this; ensure you engage in a range of activities; ensure you gain experience of success and achievementAnd what are the protective factors for your children, and how can you take any action to increase them.

Eg

Ensure there are stable adult figures around; ensure they have a close positive bond with at least one supportive adult; ensure that they have a good support network beyond this; ensure your parenting style is positive; ensure they

engage

in a range of activities; ensure they gain experience of success and achievement; ensure continuing family cohesion and harmony in the face of the misuse and its related effects

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Are there tools/techniques to use and which steps could we introduce them in?13We can introduce these ideas throughout the 5-Step Method, especially in steps 2-5. We already discuss many things in steps 2 & 3 & 4 (Information & coping & support).Slide14

Resilience and its relationship with the 5-Step Method14What are the TWO most positive outcomes to be achieved from building resilience with family members?What blocks/barriers might present in encouraging resilience – prioritise maximum TWO and suggest solutions