Method Professor Richard Velleman Emeritus Professor of Mental Health Research University of Bath UK and Senior Research Consultant Sangath Community NGO Goa India 1 Resilience what is it ID: 344753
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Resilience and its Relationship with the 5-Step MethodProfessor Richard VellemanEmeritus Professor of Mental Health Research, University of Bath, UK and Senior Research Consultant, Sangath Community NGO, Goa, India
1Slide2
Resilience- what is it?2Resilience is difficult to define, being differingly conceptualised as a process and as an outcome, as
a property that individuals possess and as something that may or may not develop and change,
as
a global (set of) characteristics and as an attribute which may show itself differently in different domains.
Resilience
can mean:
better
than expected developmental outcomes;
competence
when under stress;
or
positive functioning indicating recovery from trauma.
Slide3
Resilience- what is it?3Nevertheless, Psychological Resilience has been defined as “the capacity to adapt to and overcome stress and adversity” (American Psychological Association, 2014). Gilligan has similarly defined resilience as, “the capacity to transcend adversity
” (1997, p 14).
Both
of these definitions accept that being resilient
does not mean going through life without experiencing stress and pain
.
Rather
, individuals demonstrate resilience when they can
face difficult experiences and rise above them
without major difficulty. Slide4
Resilience- what is it?4Hence, ‘resilience’ has a number of core characteristics: It is a process rather than a trait;It is not a rare ability but can be found in many (probably most) individuals;People may be resilient in some areas and not in others;It is also not something that people are either born with or not; it can be learned and developed across the life span through cognitive processing, self-management skills and knowledge;
Supportive relationships (with parents, peers and others), as well as cultural beliefs and traditions, are all crucial. Slide5
Resilience- what is it?5In sum, it is a fluid process; it is not a single variable; it is open to change over time and according to circumstance, and
it is influenced by a range of individual, family, environmental and societal variables.
So, let’s agree that it is the
capacity to adapt to and overcome stress and adversity.Slide6
BRAINSTORM6Why might children of parents with substance problems develop resilience?How might this show itself as children?How might it show itself as adults?Slide7
Why might children of parents with substance problems develop resilience?7Mix and balance of Risk Factors and Protective FactorsRisk Factors: High levels of violence Experiencing or witnessing neglect or abuse – physical, verbal or sexual Poor and/or neglectful parenting Inconsistency from one or both parents
Having to adopt responsible or parenting roles at an early age
Feeling negative emotions such as shame, guilt, fear, anger and embarrassment
Possible neurodevelopmental consequences of substance misuse in
pregnancySlide8
Why might children of parents with substance problems develop resilience?8Protective Factors: Stable adult figure (usually non-substance misuser)Close positive bond with at least one adult in a caring role (e.g. parents, older siblings, g/parents);
A good support network beyond
this;
Little separation from
primary
carer in
first year;
Parents’ positive care style and
characteristics;
Engagement
in a range of
activities;
Positive
opportunities at times of life
transition;
Gaining experience
of success and
achievement;
Individual temperament;
Continuing
family cohesion and harmony in the face of the misuse and its related effects (e.g. domestic violence, serious mental health problems) Slide9
How might this show itself as children?9Evidence of resilience: Feelings: High self-esteem and confidence Feeling that there are choices
Feeling in control of own life
Actions/abilities
:
Self-efficacy
An
ability to deal with change
Skills and values that lead to good use of personal ability
A good range of problem-solving skills
Deliberate planning by the child that their adult life will be differentSlide10
Brainstorm in small groups10At the moment, the 5-Step Method is about reducing stress & strain and improving coping & support. How might we introduce more ideas of reducing risk factors and increasing protective ones, to also make family members more resilient?
Are
there tools/techniques to use and which steps could we introduce them in?Slide11
How might we introduce more ideas of reducing risk factors and increasing protective ones, to also make family members more resilient?11We can raise and discuss:What are your risk
factors, and how can you take any action to reduce them.
Eg
reduce risks of violence, or aggression,
And what are the
risk
factors for your children, and how can you take any action to reduce them.
Eg
reduce inconsistency in parenting, reduce overt disharmony, enable children to be children and not take on too many adult roles
Slide12
12AND:What are your protective factors, and how can you take any action to increase them.Eg Ensure there are stable figures around; ensure you have a close positive bond with at least one supportive adult; ensure you have a good support network beyond this; ensure you engage in a range of activities; ensure you gain experience of success and achievementAnd what are the protective factors for your children, and how can you take any action to increase them.
Eg
Ensure there are stable adult figures around; ensure they have a close positive bond with at least one supportive adult; ensure that they have a good support network beyond this; ensure your parenting style is positive; ensure they
engage
in a range of activities; ensure they gain experience of success and achievement; ensure continuing family cohesion and harmony in the face of the misuse and its related effects
Slide13
Are there tools/techniques to use and which steps could we introduce them in?13We can introduce these ideas throughout the 5-Step Method, especially in steps 2-5. We already discuss many things in steps 2 & 3 & 4 (Information & coping & support).Slide14
Resilience and its relationship with the 5-Step Method14What are the TWO most positive outcomes to be achieved from building resilience with family members?What blocks/barriers might present in encouraging resilience – prioritise maximum TWO and suggest solutions