1What is conformity 2Why do you think people in society conform 3What is obedience 5Who in society do we obey 6Can you think of examples where people in society have resisted against conformity or obedience ID: 710737
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Slide1
Social influenceSlide2
Key questions
1.What
is conformity?
2.Why do you think people in society conform?3.What is obedience?5.Who in society do we obey?6.Can you think of examples where people in society have resisted against conformity or obedience? 7.Can you think of any examples of dramatic social change which has happened in the last 50 years?Slide3
Social influence
Types of conformity and explanations
Conformity to social roles
ObedienceAgentic state and authorityThe authoritarian personalityResistance to social influenceMinority influence
Social influence process in social changeSlide4
What is social psychology?
Social Psychology
is the science that studies individual beliefs, attitudes, and behaviours in settings where other people are present (or merely implied or imagined)Slide5
Social Influence
How many sweets are there?
Pass the jar of sweets around the classroom.
Write down the answer on your individual white board.
Do this on your own! Keep it secret!
Hide your answer until everyone has finished.Slide6
Social Influence
So what did we find…?
In pairs discuss:
Did you change your answer the second time?
If so, why did you change your answer?
What did you base your second answer on?
How did you feel whilst you were making your guesses?
What do you think the experiment is trying to show? Slide7
Social Influence
Jenness
’ (1932) Jelly Beans
First study on conformity:
Asked individuals to guess how many jelly beans were in a jar individually.
The group then had to arrive at a group estimate.
He interviewed the individuals after and asked them if they would like to change their estimate. Almost all changed it in line with the group estimate. Slide8
conformity
Humans are influenced by the behaviour of others, even when we are not aware of being so. We consciously and unconsciously adjust our behaviour to align with the behaviours of others in a group.
Conformity
refers to how an individual or small group change their behaviour and/or attitudes as a result of the influence of a larger group, where there is no direct request for them to do soSlide9
Activity:
When have you conformed?
Think of and write down two times in which you have conformed. Make sure you write down the situation and what you did to conform.
Why do you think you conformed?Slide10
Explanations for
conformity
(why we conform)
Woody hates taking selfies, but his friends are always posting selfies on Facebook and they look like they are having a great time! This week Woody has posted 6 selfies, he doesn’t want his friends thinking he’s a boring loser!
Mike started work at a new factory this week, he didn’t know how long to take for lunch so he timed how long his co-worker took (1 hour) and when he returned, Mike went for lunch also taking an hour. Slide11
Explanations of conformity: Reasons why people comply
Normative Social Influence
Informational social Influence
Types of conformity:How people conformCompliance
Internalisation
Identification
conformitySlide12
Why do we conform?
During an uncertain situation, we desire to be correct and look to our social group for answers.
Deutsch and Gerard (1955)
This refers to instances where people conform because they are uncertain about what to do in a particular situation, so they look to others for guidance.
Tends to be
a permanent change
Informative social influenceSlide13
Why do we conform?
Normative social influence
E.g. Facebook: ‘Be the first of your friends to like this’
This refers to instances where someone conforms in order to fit in and gain approval or avoid disapproval from other group
members
despite
privately
disagreeing.
Tends to be transient.Slide14
Activity:
When have you conformed?
Pass the sheet of paper you wrote an example on of when you conformed to the person on your left.
Think about the points in front of you. Why did conformity occur? Was it due to normative or informational influence? Slide15
Types of conformity: How people conform
According to Kelman (1958) there are three levels of
conformity, including:
ComplianceIdentification
Internalisation
Lowest (most shallow) level
Deepest levelSlide16
Compliance
Compliance is the most superficial type of conformity
The individual
conforms publicly
to avoid social disapproval, but
maintains their own private opinion
They therefore revert to their former behaviour/attitudes once they have left the
situation
Explained through
normative social
influence
Examples?
Kelman’s types of conformitySlide17
Laughing at a joke you don’t find funny
Going outside to smoke because nobody else in the house is smoking
Wearing a dinner suit to a formal occasionSlide18
Identification
This is where the individual adapts their behaviour because they
value membership
of the group
It is a deeper level of conformity than compliance
The individual conforms both
publically and privately
It is still a
temporary change
, as they are likely to revert back to their old behaviour/attitudes when they leave the
groupSlide19
Joining a gang
Becoming a goth
Joining a yoga clubSlide20
Internalisation
This is the deepest level of conformity and is sometimes referred to as
‘
true conformity
’
It represents a
permanent change
in the individual’s behaviour/attitudes and results from the views being
internalised
(taken as one’s own)
In other words, the individual shows conformity to the group because he/she genuinely agrees with their views
This results in both
a public and private change
in behaviour and/or
attitudes
Explained through
Informational social influenceSlide21
Adopting a religion
Becoming a vegetarian
Joining a human rights organisationSlide22
Shallowest
Deepest
Types of conformitySlide23
Activity:
Examples of conformity
In pairs, think of two examples for each type of conformity
Compliance
Identification
Internalisation Slide24
Joining the green partySlide25
Wearing a suit to a business meetingSlide26
Not smoking while with a group of non-smoking friendsSlide27
Joining the FreemasonsSlide28
Joining a yoga groupSlide29
Sitting quietly in the cinemaSlide30
Joining a churchSlide31
Not swearing when you’re with your grandparentsSlide32
Becoming a ‘
Belieber
’Slide33
Joining an animal rights demonstrationSlide34Slide35
Outline what is meant by the terms
compliance and identification. Refer to real
life examples to illustrate your points (6)
Compliance is a type of conformity where people go along with themajority publically but retain different views privately. This type of
conformity usually occurs because of
normative social influence
. An
example of compliance is when you say you like a song that your friends are enthusiastic about even though you really like a different kind of
music
.
We
do this in order to
fit in and be liked and to avoid rejection
from the
group
.
Identification is a type of
conformity where we go along with a majority both publicly and privately but this is only a
temporary change. When the social pressures of the group are no longer there we no longer identify with their views or beliefs. An example would be going to university and becoming a vegan because many of your friends at university werevegan. You would do this publicly and privately until leaving university and reverting back to a meat eater.Slide36
Exam question (AO2)
Joseph, Jim
and
Graham have just started new jobs at SDC and all three are keen to do well. Graham laughs a lot at the jokes his colleagues tells, even though they’re not funny. Joseph watches his colleagues closely and makes sure that he completes work exactly as they do, to avoid making mistakes. Jim prefers to learn through trial and error. He believes that by it is only by making mistakes, that he will really understand what he is doing.Which person’s behaviour is being influenced by normative social influence and which person’s behaviour is being influenced by informational social influence? Justify both choices. [6 marks].Slide37
Joseph, Jim and Graham
have just started new jobs
at SDC and
all three are keen to do well. Graham laughs a lot at the jokes his colleagues tells, even though they’re not funny. Joseph watches his colleagues closely and makes sure that he completes work exactly as they do, to avoid making mistakes. Jim prefers to learn through trial and error. He believes that by it is only by making mistakes, that he will really understand what he is doing.Which person’s behaviour is being influenced by normative social influence and which person’s behaviour is being influenced by informational social influence? Justify both choices. [6 marks].
APPLICATION 1:
NSI is where a person conforms to be accept and belong to a group, despite privately disagreeing.
[APPLY]
Graham is demonstrating NSI as he is “laughing at the jokes his colleagues tell”
(conforming to be part of the group)
, “even though they’re not funny”
(while privately disagreeing).Slide38
Joseph, Jim and Graham
have just started new jobs
at SDC and
all three are keen to do well. Graham laughs a lot at the jokes his colleagues tells, even though they’re not funny. Joseph watches his colleagues closely and makes sure that he completes work exactly as they do, to avoid making mistakes. Jim prefers to learn through trial and error. He believes that by it is only by making mistakes, that he will really understand what he is doing.Which person’s behaviour is being influenced by normative social influence and which person’s behaviour is being influenced by informational social influence? Justify both choices. [6 marks].
APPLICATION 2:
ISI is where a person conforms to gain knowledge and/or be right.
[APPLY] Joseph is demonstrating ISI as he “watches his colleagues closely and makes sure that he completes work exactly as they do, to avoid making mistakes”,
therefore he is conforming as he wants to be complete his work correctly and be right.Slide39
Polly always checks what her friends are going to wear before she gets ready to go out because she does not like to be the odd one out.
Jed watches his colleagues carefully when he starts a new job so that he can work out where to put his things and how long to take for lunch.
Discuss
two explanations for conformity. Refer to Polly and Jed in your discussion. [12 marks]