US History 10 First Continental Congress Sept 1774 in Philadelphia PA All colonies there except GA 5 major decisions made 1 rejected collective colonial assembly under British rule 2 statement of ID: 229898
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Slide1
The Revolutionary war
U.S. History 10Slide2
First Continental Congress
Sept. 1774 in
Philadelphia, PA
All colonies there except
GA
5 major decisions made:
1. rejected collective colonial assembly under British rule
2. statement of
grievances
3. preparations for military defense
4.
stopped
trade with Britain
5. agreed to meet againSlide3
Lexington and Concord
April 18, 1775
Rides of Paul Revere and William Dawes
Brits going for
ammo depot
in ConcordFighting in LexingtonSlide4
Second Continental Congress
Independence Hall, Philadelphia
What were they fighting for?
1.
independence
: John Adams, Sam Adams, Henry Lee (VA)
2.
conciliation
: John Dickenson (PA)Slide5
2nd
Cont. Congress - Documents
Olive Branch
Petition: conciliatory towards Brits
“Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of taking up Arms” July 6, 1775
“
Common Sense
” by Thomas Paine 1776
- corruptness of monarchy
- “satellite to rule the sun”Slide6
Declaration of Independence
1. restated theories of
John Locke
: government to protect life, liberty and property (pursuit of happiness)
2. listed crimes of the king
3. equality of man?Slide7
Advantages/Challenges
British
Colonists
Advantages
Best navy and army
Command
structure
Money
Supplies
Ability to blockade
Home turf
Commitment to cause
Foreign aid
Blunders by Brit.
Military
George Washington
Challenges
Distance
away from home
Soldiers unmotivated
Dealing with battles outside N.A.
Military blunders
Financing war
Guns
& ammunition
Currency (lack)
Borrowing money
Decentralized militarySlide8
Phase 1: New England 1775-1776
Battle of Bunker Hill (
Breed’s Hill
)
-
British
win, but with huge losses
Colonial siege of Quebec
- Benedict Arnold
Brits burning towns
Brits hire Hessians (German mercenaries)
Brits realize the war will be much harder than expectedSlide9
Phase 2: Mid-Atlantic Region
(1776-1778)
Battle of Long Island, NY
Gen. William Howe (Brit) 32,000 men
Gen. Washington 19,000 men
Brits settle into New York
- Washington retreats to N.J.Slide10
Battle of
Trenton
, N.J.
- Christmas night 1776
- Washington crosses Delaware
- defeats
Hessians
in Trenton
- drove Brits from PrincetonSlide11
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hJdu_ortw0k&feature=related&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=activeSlide12
British strategy in 1777 is to cut U.S. in two
Howe takes Philly
Washington fails to take Germantown and winters in
Valley ForgeSlide13Slide14
Battle of Saratoga
- Gen. Burgoyne (Brit.) campaign in the North
- Benedict Arnold (colonial) relieved Ft.
Stanwix
& cut off valley in advance of the Brits
- General Gates surrounds Burgoyne at Saratoga and Burgoyne surrenders.
- TURNING POINT: b/c of this victory,
France
allies itself with the American colonistsSlide15
The War at Sea
Colonial Navy= very limited
Letters of
marque
– licenses issued by American Congress to private ship owners so they could attack British merchant ships
John Paul Jones – American Naval Officer who said, “I have not yet begun to fight.”Slide16
Phase 3: The Southern Campaign
Savannah, GA taken by Gen. Clinton (Brit) and GA comes back under British rule (Dec. 1778)
Charleston, S.C. taken by Clinton (May 1780)
Gen. Cornwallis (Brit) left in command of Charleston.Slide17
Farmers and mountain men in the south began forming militias and fighting back.
By 1781, the Brits only controlled the major cities, and none of the backcountrySlide18
The End
Battle of
Yorktown
- French army and navy arrives to help colonials
- Cornwallis and Benedict Arnold (now Brit) moved into Virginia
- Washington and French allied cornered him at Yorktown, VA (Sept 1781)
- Cornwallis surrenders
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jvGAE1JcGV4&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=activeSlide19
The Treaty of Paris
Signed on September 3, 1783
U.S. recognized as a
new nation
Mississippi River considered western border
Britain gave Florida back to SpainFrance got back colonies in Africa and Caribbean
Nov 1783 – last troops leave NYC