South Carolina secedescalls on the Union to give up their forts in SCs territory Four more states Secede 8Virginia April 17 referendum May 23 1861 9 Arkansas May 6 10 Tennessee May 7 referendum June 8 ID: 711357
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "Fort Sumter (April 12–14, 1861)" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
Fort Sumter
(April 12–14, 1861)Slide2
South Carolina secedes….calls on the Union to give up their forts in S.C.’s territorySlide3Slide4Slide5
Four more states Secede
8.Virginia (April 17; referendum May 23, 1861)
9. Arkansas (May 6)
10. Tennessee (May 7; referendum June 8)
11. North Carolina
75,000
Union troops
are asked to join by LincolnSlide6
Stop and Think: The North
Loses Fort Sumter, as a result,
They want to take RichmondSlide7Slide8
Lee
Graduate from West Point
Colonel in Mexican War
Led West Point
Put down John Brown (U.S.A.)Slide9
Civilwar.org
“Because
of his reputation as one of the finest officers in the United States Army, Abraham Lincoln offered Lee the command of the Federal forces in April 1861. Lee declined and tendered his resignation from the army when the state of Virginia seceded on April 17, arguing that he could not fight against his own people. Instead, he accepted a general’s commission in the newly formed Confederate Army
.”Slide10
Think about it….
Was it a mistake for Lee to join the Confederate States? Would you turn against Indiana if it meant fighting for your country?Slide11
1
st
Battle of
Bull RunSlide12
25 Miles
From D.C.Slide13
"
You are green, it is true, but they are green also; you are all green alike."
Irwin McDowell
-Lincoln
July 21, 1861Slide14
Stonewall Jackson
Confederate Soldier under Robert E.
Lee
Brigadier general
Held his groundSlide15
One of the casualties of the artillery fire was Judith Carter Henry, an 85-year-old widow and invalid, who was unable to leave her bedroom in the Henry House. As Ricketts began receiving rifle fire, he concluded that it was coming from the Henry House and turned his guns on the building. A shell that crashed through the bedroom wall tore off one of the widow's feet and inflicted multiple injuries, from which she died later that daySlide16
This was the first major land battle of the armies in Virginia. On July 16, 1861, the untried Union army under Brig. Gen. Irvin McDowell marched from Washington against the Confederate army, which was drawn up behind Bull Run beyond Centreville. On the 21st, McDowell crossed at
Sudley
Ford and attacked the Confederate left flank on Matthews Hill. Fighting raged throughout the day as Confederate forces were driven back to Henry Hill. Late in the afternoon, Confederate reinforcements extended and broke the Union right flank. The Federal retreat rapidly deteriorated into a rout. Thomas J. Jackson earned the nom de guerre “Stonewall.” By July 22, the shattered Union army reached the safety of Washington. Slide17Slide18Slide19
Who
won?Slide20Slide21
Border
StatesSlide22
CasualtiesSlide23
I
roncladsSlide24
Martial LawSlide25
BlockadeSlide26Slide27Slide28Slide29Slide30Slide31Slide32Slide33Slide34
Battle of Shiloh
April 6 - 7, 1862
Forces Engaged= 110,053 Hornet’s Nest
Union- 65,085 Confederate- 44,968 Grant’s big victory in the West
Casualties- 23,746Slide35
2
nd
Battle of Bull RunSlide36
The Second Battle of Bull Run (Manassas) proved to be the deciding battle in the Civil War campaign waged between Union and Confederate armies in northern Virginia in 1862. As a large Union force commanded by John Pope waited for George McClellan's Army of the Potomac in anticipation of a combined offensive, Confederate General Robert E. Lee decided to strike first.Slide37
Lee sent half of his Army of Northern Virginia to hit the Federal supply base at Manassas. Led by Stonewall Jackson, hero of the First Battle of Bull Run (Manassas) 13 months earlier, the rebels seized supplies and burned the depot, then established hidden positions in the woods. On August 29, Pope's Federals clashed with Jackson's men, who held their ground with heavy losses on both sides. Slide38
The following day, after the rest of Lee's army arrived, 28,000 rebels led by James Longstreet launched a counterattack, forcing Pope to withdraw his battered army toward Washington that night.Slide39
Battle of Antietam
Bloodiest Single Day in America’s HistorySlide40
The 27th Indiana Volunteers
On the morning on September 13, 1862, Corporal Barton Mitchell of the 27
th
Indiana discovered Robert E. Lee’s Special Order 191 wrapped with three cigars in a field on the Best Farm, not far from Frederick, Maryland. This discovery of Lee’s Maryland Campaign plans would energize the Army of Potomac's pursuit of Lee’s divided forces in Maryland.
At the Battle of Antietam, the 27
th
Indiana, part of the Union XII Corps, suffered tremendous casualties as it advanced through the Miller Cornfield. By the end of the Maryland Campaign the 27
th
Indiana had lost almost 50% of its soldiers.Slide41
"Once let the black man get upon his person the brass letter, U.S., let him get an eagle on his button, and a musket on his shoulder and bullets in his pocket, there is no power on earth that can deny that he has earned the right to citizenship."
Frederick DouglassSlide42Slide43Slide44Slide45
In early June 1864, Private Sylvester Ray of the 2d U.S. Colored Cavalry was recommended for trial because he refused to accept pay inferior to that of white soldiers.
First Lieutenant Edwin Hughes of the 2d U.S. Colored Cavalry, recorded Private Ray as stating, ". . . none of us will sign again for seven dollars a month. . . ."Slide46
Fort Sumter
1
st
Bull Run
Battle of Shiloh
2
nd
Battle
of Bull Run
Battle
of Antietam DateKey PlayersDetailsImpactWho WonSlide47
When Johnny comes marching home again, Hurrah! Hurrah!
We'll give him a hearty welcome then, Hurrah! Hurrah!
The men will cheer, the boys will shout, The ladies they will all turn out,
And we'll all feel gay
When Johnny comes marching home. Slide48
The old church bells will peal with joy, Hurrah! Hurrah!
To welcome home our darling boy, Hurrah! Hurrah!
The village lads and lassies say
With roses they will strew the way, And we'll all feel gay
When Johnny comes marching home. Slide49
Get ready for the Jubilee, Hurrah! Hurrah!
We'll give the hero three times three, Hurrah! Hurrah!
The laurel wreath is ready now
To place upon his loyal brow,
And we'll all feel gay
When Johnny comes marching home. Slide50
Let love and friendship on that day, Hurrah! Hurrah!
Their choicest treasures then display, Hurrah! Hurrah!
And let each one perform some part
To fill with joy the warrior's heart, And we'll all feel gay
When Johnny comes marching home. Slide51Slide52
Sittin
' by the roadside on a summer's day,
Chattin
' with my messmates, passing time away,
Lying in the shadows, underneath the trees –
Goodness, how delicious, eating goober peas!
CHORUS:
Peas
! Peas! Peas! Peas! Eating goober peas! Goodness, how delicious, eating goober peas! Slide53
When a horseman passes, the soldiers have a rule
To cry out at their loudest "Mister, here's your mule!“
But still another pleasure
enchantinger
than these Is wearing out your grinders, eating goober peas!
CHORUS
Just before the battle, the General hears a row; He says "The Yanks are coming, I hear their rifles now"! He turns around in wonder, and what do you think he sees? The Georgia Militia, eating goober peas! Slide54
CHORUS
I think my song had lasted almost long enough!
The subject's interesting, but rhymes are mighty rough!
I wish this war was over, when free from rags and fleas,
We'd kiss our wives and sweethearts and
goble
goober peas!
CHORUS
Slide55Slide56
Come all ye valiant soldiers -- a story I will tell About the bloody battle that was fought on Shiloh Hill. It was an awful struggle and will cause your blood to chill; It was the famous battle that was fought on Shiloh Hill.
'Twas
on the sixth of April, just at the break of day; The drums and fifes were playing for us to march away. The feeling of that hour I do remember still, When first my feet were tromping on the top of Shiloh Hill. Slide57
About the hour of sunrise the battle it began; Before the day was ended, we fought '
em
hand to hand. The horrors of that field did my heart with anguish fill For the wounded and the dying that lay on Shiloh Hill. There were men from every nation laid on those bloody plains, Fathers, sons, and brothers were numbered with the slain, That has caused so many homes with deep mourning to be filled, All from the bloody battle that was fought on Shiloh Hill. Slide58
The wounded men were crying for help from everywhere, While others who were dying were offering God their prayer, "Protect my wife and children if it is Thy holy will!" Such were the prayers I heard that night on Shiloh Hill. And early the next morning we were called to arms again, Unmindful of the wounded and
unuseful
to the slain; The struggle was renewed again, and ten thousand men were killed; This was the second conflict of the famous Shiloh Hill. Slide59
The battle it raged on, though dead and dying men Lay thick all o'er the ground, on the hill and on the glen; And from their deadly wounds, the blood ran like a rill; Such were the mournful sights that I saw on Shiloh Hill. Before the day was ended, the battle ceased to roar, And thousands of brave soldiers had fell to rise no more; They left their vacant ranks for some other ones to fill, And now their
mouldering
bodies all lie on Shiloh Hill. Slide60
And now my song is ended about those bloody plains; I hope the sight by mortal man may ne'er be seen again! But I pray to God, the
Saviour
, "If consistent with Thy will, To save the souls of all who fell on bloody Shiloh Hill." Slide61Slide62Slide63Slide64Slide65Slide66
Clara Barton
Union Women
Founder of the Red Cross
Miss Barton got down to work. As bullets whizzed overhead and artillery boomed in the distance, Miss Barton cradled the heads of suffering soldiers, prepared food for them in a local farm house, and brought water to the wounded men. As she knelt down to give one man a drink, she felt her sleeve quiver. She looked down, noticed a bullet hole in her sleeve, and then discovered that the bullet had killed the man she was helping.Slide67
"I may sometimes be willing to teach for nothing, but if paid at all, I shall never do a man's work for less than a man's pay."
-Clara BartonSlide68Slide69
VIENNA, Va.
— Feb. 22, 2010 — If the women of the North were best characterized by a famous nurse, the women of the South were exemplified best by a renowned spy
, Rose O’Neal Greenhow
, the lady who set the paradigm for covert operatives.
Rose was born into a well-to-do family in Montgomery County, MD in 1817, and from teenage years on was known as “Wild Rose,” an apt nickname. She was an ardent secessionist from the beginning, and when orphaned at a young age, went to live with her aunt in Washington, DC, in the Congressional Boarding House, on the site where later would be the notorious Old Capitol Prison. She would also reside there.Slide70
Being in Washington with her aunt gave her access to all of the best families, political and otherwise, as well as military figures that would prove of substantial benefit to her later on. One of her best known results, was to surreptitiously deliver to General Pierre G. T. Beauregard the anticipated Union troop movements, which led to the Confederate victory at the Battle of First Manassas (or Bull Run.) This success led President Jefferson Davis to give her the credit for the victory.Slide71
She was carefully watched by Allan Pinkerton, a Secret Service agent of the era, arrested in August of 1862 and placed in Old Capitol Prison, along with her eight year old daughter, Rose. Even while in prison she sent notes to assist the Confederacy, one going out in the hair bun of a lady visitor. She was ultimately released from prison and deported to Richmond, VASlide72
After Davis sent her to Europe to tour England and France while spreading propaganda favorable to the South, she published her memoirs, and was delighted to find great sympathy among the ruling classes of both countries. After a year, she boarded the
Condor
, a British blockade-runner, to return home. When the ship ran aground on a sand bar and with a Union boat in pursuit, she persuaded the ship captain to put her and two others into a rowboat so they could escape. Unfortunately the small craft was swamped by waves, and Rose who was carrying $2,000.00 for the Confederate Treasury sewn into her skirt, drowned.
She was buried in Wilmington, NC with full Confederate Military Honors and her marble cross marker carries the words, “Mrs. Rose O’N. Greenhow, a Bearer of
Dispatchs
[sic] to the Confederate Government.Slide73
AndersonvilleSlide74Slide75Slide76
1. Bell Isle—Richmond, Virginia
2. Cahaba Prison—Cahaba, Alabama
3. Camp Chase—Columbus, Ohio
4. Camp Douglas—Chicago, Illinois
5. Camp Florence—Florence, South Carolina
6. Camp Lawton—Millen, Georgia
7. Camp Morton—Indianapolis, Indiana
8. Camp Sumter—Andersonville, Georgia
9. Castle
Pickney
—Charleston, S.C.10. Elmira Prison—Elmira, New York11. Johnson's Island—Sandusky, Ohio12. Libby Prison—Richmond, Virginia13. Old Capitol Prison—Washington, D.C.14. Point Lookout—Point Lookout, MD15. Rock Island—Rock Island, Illinois16. Salisbury—Salisbury, North CarolinaSlide77Slide78Slide79
Step 1:
Examine the photograph for 10 seconds. How would you describe the photograph?
Step 2:
Divide the photograph into quadrants and study each section individually. What details--such as people, objects, activities--do you notice?
Step 3:
What other information--such as time period, location, season, reason photo was taken--can you gather from the photo?
Step 4:
How would you revise your first description of the photo using the information noted in Steps 2 and 3?
Step 5:
What questions do you have about the photograph? How might you find answers to these questions? Slide80
Map 1: Civil War battles fought in Maryland and Virginia prior to the Battle of Gettysburg.
1
. Why did most major land battles in the eastern theater of the Civil War surround the Washington, D.C.--Richmond, Virginia area?Slide81Slide82Slide83Slide84Slide85Slide86
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure.
We are met on a great battle-field of that war.
We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.
But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate -- we can not consecrate -- we can not hallow -- this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us -- that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth. Slide87
Describe the photo
Where do you think this is?
Date?
Title?
What caused this?Slide88
Sherman’s March to the Sea
-Total War
-Burn crops, Kill Livestock, Take Homes
Atlanta-Savannah
No communication or Supply Line
-Live off the landSlide89
... IV. The army will forage liberally on the country during the march. To this end, each brigade commander will organize a good and sufficient foraging party, under the command of one or more discreet officers, who will gather, near the route traveled, corn or forage of any kind, meat of any kind, vegetables, corn-meal, or whatever is needed by the command, aiming at all times to keep in the wagons at least ten day's provisions for the command and three days' forage. Soldiers must not enter the dwellings of the inhabitants, or commit any trespass, but during a halt or a camp they may be permitted to gather turnips, apples, and other vegetables, and to drive in stock of their camp. To regular foraging parties must be instructed the gathering of provisions and forage at any distance from the road traveled.Slide90
V. To army corps commanders alone is entrusted the power to destroy mills, houses, cotton-gins, &c., and for them this general principle is laid down: In districts and neighborhoods where the army is unmolested no destruction of such property should be permitted; but should guerrillas or bushwhackers molest our march, or should the inhabitants burn bridges, obstruct roads, or otherwise manifest local hostility, then army commanders should order and enforce a devastation more or less relentless according to the measure of such hostility.Slide91
VI. As for horses, mules, wagons, &c., belonging to the inhabitants, the cavalry and artillery may appropriate freely and without limit, discriminating, however, between the rich, who are usually hostile, and the poor or industrious, usually neutral or friendly. Foraging parties may also take mules or horses to replace the jaded animals of their trains, or to serve as pack-mules for the regiments or brigades. In all foraging, of whatever kind, the parties engaged will refrain from abusive or threatening language, and may, where the officer in command thinks proper, give written certificates of the facts, but no receipts, and they will endeavor to leave with each family a reasonable portion for their maintenance.Slide92
VII. Negroes who are able-bodied and can be of service to the several columns may be taken along, but each army commander will bear in mind that the question of supplies is a very important one and that his first duty is to see to them who bear arms....
—
William T. Sherman ,
Military Division of the Mississippi Special Field Order 120, November 9, 1864.Slide93Slide94Slide95
How African American’s influenced the course of the war
How did the decisions and strategies of the leaders impact the ultimate end of this war?
Contributions of African-Americans to the American Civil War
Compare the Political, economic and military strengths and weaknesses of the North and South United States at the beginning of the United States Civil War in 1861. How did these strengths or weakness play a factor in the South losing the war?Slide96
Option Number 1: Compare the Political, economic, and military strengths and weaknesses of the North and South United States at the beginning of the United States Civil War in 1861. How did these strengths or weakness play a factor in the South losing the war?
Option Number 2: Attack or defend the South’s position on secession. Be sure to include the historical precedent and any other justifications for this action. Be sure to analyze the causes of the Civil War in your argument and completely explain their influence on the motives behind fighting.
Essay Options: Pick 1Slide97Slide98Slide99Slide100
-What do you think is happening in this painting?
-How do you think the artist is depicting each of the two primary subjects?
-What thoughts do you have about each man based on what you see?Slide101