PPT-2.5 Enzymes

Essential idea Enzymes control the metabolism of the cell Above is just a small part of the IUBMB SigmaNicholson Metabolic Pathways Chart aims to show all the metabolic pathways found in eukaryote cells The chart in its entirety shows how complex the chemicals reactions needed to support life in a single cell unit This was mentioned earlier in 21 but in addition to the complexity now add to that . Definition of an enzyme. Enzyme. is . protein . . catalyst. (i.e. . increase the rate of reactions. ). . NOT. changed during the reaction. Presented by Fotios Patsalis . Bio . 446/546 FALL 2016. M/F 13.00-15.50h,. Castetter. . Hall 37. Restriction Enzymes: Molecular Scissors. Restriction enzymes (. endonuleases. ) are specific endonucleases which . 6.4 Cloning & Biotechnology. Learning Objectives. Understand the methods used for immobilising enzymes.. Understand the advantages of using immobilised enzymes.. Enzymes as Catalysts. Enzymes are used to speed up chemical (metabolic) reactions e.g. respiration or photosynthesis- so why use enzymes in industry?. Are specific for . what they . catalyze . and do not permanently change during reactions. End in the word -. ase. Function of Enzymes. Enzymes work by lowering the activation energy (the amount of energy needed to start a reaction). . E S <=> ES <=> ES* <=> EP <=> E P. Michaelis-Menten Kinetics. E S <=> ES <=> ES* <=> EP <=> E P. Rate of Formation. Substrate. Product. Enzyme. Enzyme-. IMPORTANCE. OF ENZYMES. Enzymes are biological catalysts that:. . I. ncrease. . reaction rates . by lowering the amount of energy needed for the reaction to occur. 100-1000x . faster. !!!. Activation Energy. protein. !. Enzymes are . Biological . catalysts . that . increase. . the rate of metabolic reactions.. Since enzymes speed up chemical reaction rates, what are they called?. Catalyst- . A substance . Part 1. . Chapter 3. Learning outcomes. You should be able to:. explain how enzymes work. describe and explain the factors that affect. enzyme activity. use V. max. and K. m. to compare the affinity of different enzymes for their substrates. Anabolism vs Catabolism. What is necessary for a chemical reaction to begin?. Reactant(s) must come together in the right orientation. With enough energy. So ho do enzymes catalyze this process?. Lowers activation energy. : An enzymes that breaks down nucleic acid molecule by breaking the phosphodiester bonds at end 3. / . or 5. /.. Endonucleases. : . An Enzyme that hydrolyzes internal phosphodiester bonds in a polynucleotide chain or nucleic acid molecules.. Enzymes. Back when we discussed proteins, we learned that one critical function of protein was to speed up chemical reactions.. Enzymes. are the proteins that increase the rate of chemical reactions. In order for chemical reactions to take place, . enzymes . must be present to help . speed up . the reaction.. Chemical bonds connect atoms. to make . molecules. .. Chemical . reactions. can do two things:. Presented . by. Ms. . P. . . H. . Giri. Department of Microbiology. Deogiri . College, Aurangabad. B.Sc. T. Y. . Semester VI. Paper No. XIX. Recombinant DNA Technology. Ms. . Priyanka. H. . Giri. DNA manipulating enzymes:. Regulation of enzymes Introduction andProperties of Enzymes Enzymes are characteristics to facilitate the Enzyme-catalyzed reactions take place Reactants need to pass over the energy barrier, Catalys