R.E. Revision Card: Unit 5: Q1 Religion and Art Card - PowerPoint Presentation

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R.E. Revision Card: Unit 5: Q1 Religion and Art Card 1 Side 1

Definition of Religious Art

: Art that expresses a spiritual message. It includes drawing, painting, sculpture, icons, stained glass, calligraphy

and graffiti.

It can be art produced by a person who is religious, or contains a religious theme, or has been paid for by a religious group or organization. It can be art that produces a spiritual response in a person.

Remember SIRDS!!! (

Spirituality, inspiration, devotion and revelation) when describing the impact of religious art:

SPIRITUALITY

. The artist may want to make people think about God or reflect on spiritual ideas. To convey a religious teaching. To express a religious belief about “the meaning of life”. To help people understand spiritual truths. To aid worship.

INSPIRATION

. This means the artist has had a sudden idea of how a piece should look and become creative. Divine inspiration means God has inspired the artist to create the work.

REVELATION

. In a revelation, the artist suddenly becomes aware of some spiritual truth previously unknown to them that they wish to share with others. They share it through their work of art.

DEVOTION

. The artist and/or client wants to show their devotion to their religion, and do this through the creation of a work of art. It may be the piece of art is intended as a focus to aid concentration during prayer and meditation, or simply as a teaching aid.Slide2

R.E. Revision Card: Unit 5: Q1 Religion and Art Card 1 Side 2

Icons

. Pictures usually painted on word. They show the full face of Christ, Virgin Mary, angels and/or saints. They are used to teach people about God or as an aid to prayer.

Paintings.

Can be a representation of the real world or abstract. Used as a way of representing or reminding believers of an aspect of their faith.

Stained glass.

Usually made by spraying colours onto plain glass and then firing it. Usually found in Christian churches and show scenes from the Bible, a holy person, or special event.

Graffiti

. Usually found in public places and is images or lettering scratched, painted or marked on property. Some religious believers use graffiti to share their religious beliefs or message. For example: “Jesus lives!”

Sculpture

. . Sculpture is three dimensional artwork

. Case study: Cristo Redentor, Rio de Janeiro

. Used to remind people of God’s omnipresence, omnipotence, as symbol of the faith of the people who live in Rio.

CASE STUDY: RESURRECTION COOKHAM

. Painted by Sir Stanley Spencer:

Inspiration

. He had a ‘visionary experience’ meeting his future wife, Hilda. Hilda raised such wonderful thoughts in him to do with love and God’s love for us that he used the theme of the resurrection of Jesus to express this.

Revelation

. His ‘visionary experience’ was two-fold. His love for Hilda he felt came from God and was God’s love. This love made him so happy that he became aware of what paradise would be like.

Devotion

. Spencer was a Christian and he wanted to share his belief in God’s love, that Christ would return and lead Christians to Heaven.

Symbolism

. Set in a church-yard. Happy place from Spencer’s childhood. The resurrection is the ultimate symbol of God’ love and is an event to be celebrated. He used family and friends in the painting to reflect those he loved.Slide3

R.E. Revision Card: Unit 5: Q2 Religion and Architecture Card 2 Side 1

Defining architecture

: The activity of designing and constructing buildings and other physical structures. The functions of buildings include worship, living and working, education, celebration and leisure activities.

The influence of function

. When designing a building, the architect has to think about its function (purpose). Some buildings have more than one function. For example, a place of worship may also be used for social activities or education. Building use can change through time because its original function may no longer be needed. For example, an old school building could become a place of worship.

The influence of spirituality

. The person or group who commission the architect may want the building to express something spiritual or a spiritual meaning. For example, a church in the shape of a cross.

The impact of religious architecture

. This can be to make people think about God or reflect on spiritual ideas; to remind people there is an afterlife; to express a religious belief; to help people understand spiritual truths, to aid worship, to produce a feeling of awe, grandeur and splendor. For example; Coventry Cathedral was rebuilt after being bombed but instead of rebuilding on the old site, they built next to it and joined it on to represent good overcoming evil (Christian teaching.)

Inspiration

. The religious building can inspire people to think about God. For example a church is not only a place of worship but is a reminder to the community about Christian teachings.

Revelation

. For example St Bernadette had a vision at Lourdes and an edifice has now been built on the site. This edifice reveals to people God’s immanence in the world and benevolence. Christians travel from all over the world to be healed at Lourdes.Slide4

R.E. Revision Card: Unit 5: Q2 Religion and Architecture Card 2 Side 2

Religious buildings as a place of worship

. “Where two or more people gather in my name, I will be there with them”. This is a teaching from the Bible that tells Christians to get together to worship God. By doing so, God will be with them.

Exterior features

. A tower on a church used to be the highest point in the community, so no matter where you were you could always see the tower. Traditionally, a church is in the shape of a cross to represent the resurrection of Jesus.

Internal feature

. Christian churches have an alter to represent the table at the last supper. This is where the Holy

E

ucharist takes place (the bread to represent the body of Jesus, the wine his blood.

Other forms of religious architecture

include gravestones (give a few details of a person’s life and normally an epitaph to sum up that person). Edifices such as at Lourdes to mark a place of religious importance, or the burial site of a religious person. Statues (

case study: Cristo Redentor, Rio de Janeiro

). A monument is a piece of religious architecture that marks the spot where something of religious or historical significance happened.

Case study:

St Michael’s Cathedral, Coventry

Inspiration

. Sir Basil Spence had a spiritual experience when he viewed the old bombed cathedral. By building a new cathedral next to the ruins he wanted to show good overcoming evil. The ruined cathedral – sacrifice, the new cathedral – triumph over death.

Revelation

. The design of the cathedral reveals the Christian message of good over evil, of suffering overcome by Jesus’ sacrifice.

Devotion

. The very act of raising the money and the time it took to build the new cathedral demonstrates people’s devotion to God and their beliefs. The font was made from a boulder sent from Bethlehem, and therefore a link to the town where Jesus was born.

Symbolism

. The cross on the Alter is made from two nails welded by bombs and again represents Jesus’ sacrifice and good overcoming evil. Slide5

R.E. Revision Card: Unit 5: Q3 Religion and Literature Card 3 Side 1

Defining literature

. Poetry,

prose, fiction, non-fiction, drama.

Influence of literature

. Means of getting a message across to people, to tell a story that contains a religious message.

Influence of spirituality on literature.

Means to express a message such as good overcoming evil.

What is religious literature?

Holy books (scripture – for Christians: The Bible). Non-fiction such as writings about the meaning of a holy book. Works of fiction with a religious theme.

Religious poetry

(Footprints in the Sand – Mary Stevenson, inspires people that God will carry them through their troubles. Reveals God’s immanence, omnipotence, benevolence. Devotion – lead a Christian life and God will be there for you.) Sir John Betjeman; “Diary of a Church Mouse”. People had stopped going to church. The Church of England commissioned Sir John Betjeman to write a poem that would encourage people to go to church. Broadcast on the radio at tea-time on a Sunday when most people listened to the radio (to inspire people to return to church. The symbolism of the Church Mouse who could not believe that people would only go to church for special events).

Revelation

. The Bible is an example of revelation and indeed has a book in it called Revelation that reveals to the reader what happens when the world ends.

Inspiration

. CS Lewis wrote his fictional stories The Chronicles of Narnia because he wanted children to understand the Christian beliefs in the Bible (good overcoming evil, sacrifice and resurrection).

Devotion

. The book of Psalms in the Bible contains poems in praise of God and these are often sung as Hymns (religious songs) as part of private or public worship.Slide6

R.E. Revision Card: Unit 5: Q3 Religion and Literature Card 3 Side 2

Holy books

. The Bible is the main holy book (scripture) for Christians. It

inspires

Christians by telling them how they should live their lives

.

Christians can express their devotion the their beliefs by studying the Bible and trying to get a true understanding of the messages it contains.

The Bible

reveals

to Christians God’s omnipotence, omniscience, benevolence, immanence, transcendence, personal and impersonal nature, the Holy Trinity (Father, Son, Holy Spirit) as the three aspects of God.

Religious literature in worship

. Christians read the Bible on their own at home for private worship. In public worship, a sermon (religious lesson) is read from the Bible and then made relevant to people.

Impact

. Religious literature can make people think about their own lives. It may

inspire

them to be better Christians or even turn non-believers into believers.

Controversial

. Some books about religion can cause offence. For example: Galileo’s writings in the 16

th

Century were suppressed by the Roman Catholic Church because they challenged the Church’s belief that God had put humans at the centre of the universe. (

Remember – Cosmological Revolution from Unit 4

).

CASE STUDIES

Footprints in the Sand by Mary Stevenson; Sir John Betjeman’s Diary of A Church Mouse; The Parables of Jesus (stories Jesus told to demonstrate how to live a Christian life). C.S. Lewis – The Chronicles of Narnia (written by Lewis to explain key Christian teachings from the Bible to children). The book of Revelation in the Bible that reveals to Christians what happens when the end of the world comes and the signs to look for.Slide7

R.E. Revision Card: Unit 5: Q4 Religion and the Media Card 4 Side 1

The media is

how we receive information in today’s society. It includes newspapers, magazines, television, internet, films and documentaries.

The purpose of the media

is to educate, inform, entertain, influence and persuade.

The power of the media

is incredible! Look at how quickly people share things on social media.

Religion on television

. Religious programming on television has strict rules laid down in law. Ofcom is the organisation responsible for monitoring religious programmes to ensure they do not break these laws. However, satellite channels do not have to follow these laws.

Portrayal of religion on television

. Songs of Praise is a key programme that allows Christians to access their spirituality and faith through the media. Other programmes such as comedies like Father Ted can ridicule religion. In the Simpsons, Ned Flanders is a Christian who is always portrayed as a “Do gooder!”.

Case Study

: The Vicar of Dibley. This was a comedy about a woman vicar. The impact of the programme is said to have possibly resulted in the highest number of women applying to be vicars.

Newspapers and magazines

. Newspapers and magazines can be biased and often reflect their political beliefs. Often newspaper and magazine portrayal of moral issues often focuses on bad behaviour by celebrities and can glamourise their lifestyle, encouraging others to behave the same way. Bad news sells better than good news. So for example a religious story about a priest behaving badly is more likely to be reported than a good news story.

Censorship

. There is a watershed in Britain that means extreme violence, sexual behaviour cannot be shown before 9pm to protect children. This only applies to terrestrial television and not satellite. Films have classifications to censor them from children.Slide8

R.E. Revision Card: Unit 5: Q4 Religion and the Media Card 4 Side 2

Blasphemy

is when people poke fun at religion or people’s beliefs. Blasphemy can be used to justify censorship. There are laws which prohibit blasphemy, religious insults and hate speech in Britain. Programmes that do this are censored and often have warnings or shown late in the evening.

Film censorship

. All films have a classification which recommends the age at which a person can watch the film. This applies to cinemas and DVDs. However, once a parent purchases a DVD, it is up to them to decide whether a child watches it.

Internet censorship

. It is very difficult to censor the internet because anybody can access information. There are attempts at restricting some internet sites based on age but these rely on the honesty of the user. CEOP (Child exploitation and Online Protection) is an organisation that attempts to protect children online and report to the police any child exploitation. Most internet providers also include parental settings for their internet browsers that allow parents to restrict the type of material children can access.

How and why do religions use the media?

A very useful tool to get your religious message to as many people as possible. Some religious believers may be too ill or too busy to attend church but can join in their belief through the media.

Spirituality and the media

. The media can be a very useful tool for explaining a complex religious idea and sharing that with as many people as possible, for example through social media. Specialist TV channels for religious believers such as God TV for Christians. Christian newspapers and magazine such as “Warcry”, a weekly newspaper produced by the Salvation Army. Programmes such as Morning Worship on a Sunday on Radio 4 allow people to join in a religious service if they cannot attend church for any reason.Slide9

R.E. Revision Card: Unit 5: Q5 Religion and Music. Card 5 Side 1

Why do people listen to music?

Music is an ancient form of entertainment and expressing a message. In the Bible, the Book of Psalms is often referred to as the hymn book of the Bible. Hymns being religious songs.

What is the purpose of music today?

To assist with an activity (dancing, driving, skating); to help set a mood (eg. For a romantic mood to go with a romantic meal); enhance concentration (when studying, driving); provide comfort (for a lonely person); provide pleasure (enjoyment); help with religious worship (such as hymns sung in church or by a person on their own at home); help with religious practice (chanting may inspire worship); to express spirituality or spiritual message (such as love); support a cause (such as protest songs against war).

Different types of music

. Commercial music is made to make the artist rich and/or famous. Spiritual music is made because the artist wants to express a spiritual feeling or message.

Case Study:

Tears in Heaven by Eric Clapton, Clapton wanted to express his spiritual emotion over the accidental death of his son. Mainstream music is pop music that most people listen to.

Religious music

is music either written by a religious person, commissioned by a religious person or group, or has a religious message. The composer may want to

inspire

the listener by sharing a religious message, they may be using their God given talent to inspire others. It can

reveal

to people God’s benevolence, omnipresence, etc. It can be used in worship to express

devotion

(for example gentle, calm music to aid prayer).

CASE STUDIES OF RELIGIOUS MUSIC:

Swing Low Sweet Chariot, All Because of Jesus by The Casting Crowns. The Lord is My Shepherd (Psalm 23).Slide10

R.E. Revision Card: Unit 5: Q5 Religion and Music. Card 5 Side 2

Music in Christianity

. Used to inspire Christians to live their lives according to the teachings of Jesus. The singing of hymns in worship. To reveal to Christians God’s benevolence, omnipresence, immanence, omnipotence, omniscience, personal and/or impersonal nature.

Music as an expression of spirituality

. A composer or artist writes a piece of music to express a message, for example about love, death, life (in other words their spiritual nature). Believers are more likely so see a piece of music as spiritual because of their faith than non-believers.

The symbolic nature of music

. We use the word idol to describe successful pop artists. It could be said that by using the word idol, we are giving these artists the same status as God and that could be said to be blasphemous.

Composing elaborate and beautiful music can be the means that an artist expresses their talent from God.

The type of music can be used to reach different types of people and share a religious message with people who may not listen to traditional religious music. (Will I Am is a Christian who uses pop music to share his Christian beliefs – “Where is the love?”.

Lyrics can be deeply symbolic to convey meaning.

Instrumental music can aid meditation and prayer.

Further case study: Zadok the Priest by Handel. Handel chose the biblical account of the coronation of King Soloman and is sung at the coronation of every new King or Queen in England. The simple words make it clear that the King or Queen has been chosen by God.Slide11

R.E. Revision Card: Unit 5: Q5 Religion in Contemporary Society. Card 6 Side 1

The expression of spirituality in society

. Materialism by the throw away culture that we have, must have it now, latest fashions and gadgets. Spirituality by people who choose not to adopt the materialistic approach to life.

Membership of a faith

. Choosing to follow a faith usually involves a commitment and religious ceremony welcoming the person into the faith (e.g. baptism for Christians). Once a person chooses a faith then they observe the rules of that religion and it becomes their way of life. Christians read the Bible to get a deeper understanding of God. They go to Church to worship with other Christians who share the same beliefs.

Religious Communities.

Some religious believers choose to separate themselves from everyday life. For example, some Christians believe they can express their spirituality best by joining a monastic community as monks (male) or nuns (female). They believe they have had a calling from God. They may go out into the community to share their faith, help others, but each morning and evening they spend together in prayer and worship with the other monks/nuns.

Living in a faith commune.

Some religious believers choose to live their life in wider society but every now and then take time out to visit a commune. Here they will be other believers who share their faith and live their lives for a short period of time away from the modern pressure of life. This allows them to focus on their faith.

Living with faith in everyday life

. Most religious believers live in the wider community and attend their church at least once a week or even once a day. They lead the same life as materialistic people and non-believers but for Christians, attend church to share in worship and prayer with other like minded people.Slide12

R.E. Revision Card: Unit 5: Q5 Religion in Contemporary Society. Card 6 Side 2

Religious symbols.

Some people may wear symbols of their faith. For example, Christians may wear a cross or crucifix to signify the sacrifice and resurrection of Jesus. The cross or crucifix is an image/symbol the person wears to represent their religion and demonstrate their beliefs.

Problems with religious symbols

. Some people who are not of the same religious belief may find the religious symbol being worn by a person to be offensive.

Case Study: Nadia Eweida and British Airways.

Nadia was suspended by British Airways for refusing to remove a small cross she wore round her neck. The case hit the newspapers and television. British Airways amended their rules to say that people could wear small religious symbols. This was after public outcry from the Archbishop of Canterbury (leader of the Church of England), The Pope, some British politicians and the Muslim Council of Britain who said the symbol was not offensive to Muslims. However, Nadia lost her case for compensation where she alleged religious discrimination had taken place.

Acts of Worship

. Christian worship varies. Usually it follows set pattern laid out in a prayer book. It includes activities such as singing hymns, saying prayers, reading from the Bible, hearing a sermon and taking part in the Holy Eucharist (receiving the bread and wine from the Priest that represents the body and blood of Christ).

This is formal or liturgical worship. Non-liturgical worship includes praying at home or reading the Bible by yourself.

The impact a religion has on a person is life changing. It gives them a faith to follow and helps define their own spirituality. It gives them someone or something to turn to in times of need and gives their life a spiritual meaning.Slide13

R.E. Revision Card: Unit 5: Key Terms For All Questions. Card 7 Side 1

Make sure you understand all the key terms:

Symbolism

. The message that the artist is trying to convey.

Materialism

means the side of our personality concerned with having the latest gadgets, judging ourselves against others based on what car we drive, how big our house is, the latest designer clothes. People who are materialistic think outward appearances matter and do not not think about spiritual matters.

Spirituality

means the side of our personality not concerned with materialism. It is about love, faith, finding answers to the spiritual questions; “why are we here?” and “what happens when we die?” A spiritual truth is a truth based on a person’s faith. Example: For Christians the existence of Heaven is a spiritual truth because the religion teaches that when a Christian dies they will have a place in Heaven. Spirituality is a powerful influence on a persons life as the person seeks answers to spiritual questions about life. A creative person can express their spirituality through art, architecture, music, literature and the media. Their work can express inspiration, devotion and revelation.

Inspiration

, looking at something that can inspire you. For example, an artist creates their art work to inspire others, to provoke certain emotions and feelings. A piece of religious art could inspire others to lead a better life or even challenge a person’s faith or non-faith.Slide14

R.E. Revision Card: Unit 5: Key Terms For All Questions. Card 7 Side 2

Make sure you understand all the key terms:

Devotion

. A person produces a piece of religious work to show their devotion to their faith, to share their belief with others. Often devoting a large part of their life to the completion of the work. It can inspire devotion in other people who share the same faith and challenge those who do not.

Revelation

. A person can produce a piece of religious work to reveal to others different aspects of their faith. They may be revealing to others the promise of an afterlife, God’s omnipresence, omnipotence, immanence, transcendence, benevolence, etc.

REMEMBER IN THE EXAM TO USE SPIRITUALITY, INSPIRATION, DEVOTION, REVELATION IN EACH ANSWER WORTH 4, 5 or 6 MARKS.

REFER TO THE EXAM TECHNIQUES ON CARD 7 FROM UNIT 4. THE SAME RULES APPLY!

LEARN CASE STUDIES – YOU WILL NEED TO REFER TO THEM IN YOUR ANSWERS.

BIBLE QUOTES: “The parable of the talents shows that God gave each person a skill that they must use, to waste it is to turn your back on God’s gift.”