PPT-Synonymous Codon Pattern of

Cauliflower Mosaic Virus in phylogeny and evolution Multiple sequence alignment Sequence Acquisition Isolates from Irananin Japanese American European Isolates from Grecian Turkish Iranian . The vast majority of observed sequence differences between members of a population are neutral (or close to neutral). These differences can be fixed in the population through random genetic drift. Some mutations are strongly counter selected (this is why there are patterns of conserved residues). Only very seldom is a mutation under positive selection. . ----Exons Binding Transcription Factor. Speaker. : . HU . Xue-Jia. Supervisor: WU Yun-Dong. Date: . 19/12/2013. Contents. Introduction. Regulatory codes. “. Duons. ”. Genomic footprint. TFs densely . Note that the ATG codon encodes both start and methionine . Prokaryotic genes have a simple one-dimensional structure. 5’→. ←. 5’. 5’→. ←. 5’. Start codon. Stop codon. ATG. TAG. ATG. AAA. . Approach. for the . Genetic. Code. Paul SORBA. p. aul.sorba@lapth.cnrs.fr. Seminar dedicated to my always young friend . Branko. . . Gamma = 1 . no alignment – true homologous positions. with muscle alignment. log. 10. (x). LBA. phyml. no-alignment. A. C. D. B. still resolved by ml . Types of Mutation-Substitution. Replacement of one nucleotide by another. 50 replicates. s>0. Time till fixation on average: . t. av. = (2/s) ln (2N) generations . . (also true for mutations with negative . “. s. ”. ! discuss among yourselves). E.g.:  N=10. 6. , . The vast majority of observed sequence differences between members of a population are neutral (or close to neutral). These differences can be fixed in the population through random genetic drift. Some mutations are strongly counter selected (this is why there are patterns of conserved residues). Only very seldom is a mutation under positive selection. . Fine Structure of Gene . An imaginary overview . All information of our life is written in two Books . . Two set (23 Pairs) of Chromosomes . One of these Books of life is written by Father. Set of chromosomes (23) inherited from Father. The larger the population the longer it takes for an allele to become fixed. . Note: Even though an allele conveys a strong selective advantage of 10%, the allele has a rather large chance to go extinct. . Selection. Allele frequency. 0. 100. advantageous. disadvantageous. Modified from from . www.tcd.ie/Genetics/staff/Aoife/GE3026/GE3026_1+2.ppt. . Purifying selection in GTA genes. dN/dS <1 for GTA genes has been used to infer selection for function. Dec 2012. Regulatory Genomics. Lecturer: Prof. Yitzhak Pilpel. Teaching assistant: Idan Frumkin. idan.frumkin@weizmann.ac.il. Submit Sunday at midnight. The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology. Expressing the genome. In a group of 4, you are also the Recorder. Determine the codon, anticodon, and . amino acid for the first codon in the P site. Tell . the . tRNA. maker and the Recorder.. For each subsequent codon, pass the codon wheel in this order: Recorder, . Population genomics and comparative genomics. molecular evolution . what happens at the level of DNA . when organisms change and evolve. Daniel Jeffares. Population genomics and comparative genomics. b:. Amino acid sequence of the 775-1, 775-3 and parental antizyme 1 protein showing the predicted truncations in the 775-1 (103 amino acids) and775-3 (128 amino acids) sequences, caused by the nonsense mutations, and the full length 228 amino-acid protein sequence..