PPT-Proteins 2.4.1 Amino acids are linked together by condensation to form polypeptides

Polypeptides are chains of amino acids linked together by condensation reactions the main or only component in proteins Some proteins are composed of only one polypeptide chain while others are made of 2 or more. (Foundation Block). Dr. Ahmed Mujamammi. Dr. . Sumbul. . Fatma. Learning outcomes. What are the amino acids?. General structure.. Classification of amino acids.. Optical properties.. Amino acid configuration.. Essential idea: Proteins have a very wide range of functions in living organisms.. One of the central ideas in Biology is that structure dictates function. Above you can see insulin in its secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures. Polypeptides vary hugely in the combination and number of amino acids that they are composed from. Even if we consider a single polypeptide it's properties, and hence it's function, would vary greatly depending on it's level of structure. Insulin can exist in all these forms, but the active form, which controls blood glucose levels, is a the tertiary structure.. 2. : Molecular Biology. 2.4 Proteins. Learning objectives. U: amino acids are linked together by condensation to form polypeptides. U: There . are 20 different amino acids in polypeptides synthesized on ribosomes.. CHAPTER 3, Part 1 . Amino Acids and Peptides . To know the structure and naming of all 20 protein amino acids. To know the structure and properties of peptides and the particularly the structure of the peptide bond.. B.2. Properties of 2-amino acids . (B.2.2). Zwitterion. (dipolar) . amino acids contain both acidic and basic groups in the same molecule . therefore, are . amphoteric. in nature (capable of behaving as acids or bases). When an amino acid with positive and negative charges is overall neutral in charge, it is said to be at its . isoelectric point (. pI. ). .. . Ball-and-stick model of glycine at its . pI. of 6.0.. Subunits (building blocks) of peptides and proteins. Neurotransmitters. Metabolic intermediates. glutamate. γ. -. aminobutyric. acid. (GABA). Proteins are synthesized from 20 ‘standard’ . α. -amino acids. Their names have 3- and 1-letter abbreviations.. Proteins. TextBook. : . HARPERS . REVIEW OF BIOCHEMISTRY. Anatomy of an amino acid. . -Amino acids. A. Example. (glycine). 2-aminoethanic acid. (alanine). 2-aminopropanoic acid. (aspartic acid). 2-aminobutane-1,4-dioic acid. Each amino acid (aa) shares a common structure; i.e. an amine (NH. 2. ) group, an acid group (COOH), and a central carbon atom bonded to hydrogen and to a side chain (R).. The side chains qualify aas as acidic, basic, neutral, aromatic, and sulphur-containing amino acids.. Protein. Builds and repairs body tissue. Provides some energy. There are 4 calories per gram of protein. Protein. Composed of chains of amino acids. Common Amino Acids. Alanine. Glycine. Isoleucine. Leucine. Biocompatibility and Cellular Overview Part 2. Outline . Biocompatibility. Quick overview of cellular interaction. Scale, size, generic animal cell. Nanoscale materials . for biological interaction. Liposomes. u. sing paper chromatography. Kate Andrews. Lorraine Bruce. Unit 1 DNA and the Genome. 3 Control of gene expression. Separation and identification of amino acids using paper chromatography.. Cells and Proteins. imino. acid.” . Figure 5: Comparison of the secondary amino group found in proline with the primary amino group found in other amino acids such as alanine.. 2. Proline: . Proline differs from other amino acids in that its side chain and amino N form a rigid, five -member red ring structure (Figure 5). Proline, then, has a secondary (rather than a primary) amino group. It is frequently referred to as an “. Acids. By . Professor . Dr. Jamal Ahmed Abdel -Barry. . Rare Amino Acids. In addition to 20 standard amino acids there are several amino acids that can be isolated from the hydrolysis of special type of protein, all are derivatives of some standard amino acids..