CHAPTER 10 Muslim Contributions During much of the medieval period Muslim civilization was in some ways more advanced than others Made major advancements in astronomy zoology geography arithmetic navigation art architecture and technology ID: 670924
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CONTRIBUTIONS OF MUSLIMS TO WORLD CIVILIZATION
CHAPTER 10Slide2
Muslim Contributions
During much of the medieval period, Muslim civilization was in some ways more advanced than others
Made major advancements in: astronomy, zoology, geography, arithmetic, navigation, art, architecture, and technologySlide3
Muslim Contributions
Had Muslim Scholars not translated classic Greek texts, the European Renaissance would not have happened in the way that it did
In spite of this, Muslims have not always been recognized for their contributions to world civilizationsSlide4
ACTIVITY DIRECTIONS
With your partner(s), examine one of the 16 placard on the walls.
Turn to Reading Notes 10 (p 62) and decide which of the 16 topics the placard relates to. Pencil in the letter of the placard next to that topic.
Scan sections 10.3-10.11 to find the passage that matches the contribution. Check your answer with the sticky note (DO NOT CHEAT) and then read the passage if you are correct.
On the map, draw a symbol for the contribution in the appropriate location. If a contribution isn’t related to a specific location on the map, draw your symbol in an open space.
On the page opposite the map, write a summary of the contributionSlide5
Reviewing Muslim Contributions
Each group has several placards
You are going to present your placard to the class by describing the Muslim Contribution
You will have a few minutes to prepare your sections and then you will present them to the class.
Talk to the class, do not read to the class.
Be prepared to note the significant contributions and the symbol you put on the map and where you put the symbol.
Make sure your presentation is professional and prepared.Slide6
Flowering of Islamic Civilization – 10.2 (no card)
Arab conquests had created a vast Muslim empire – Spain, N. Africa and much of western and central Asia came under Muslim rule.
Islamic civilization flourished – great cities where scholars and artists made many advances
Baghdad – important city
Cairo – important city
Jews, Christians and Muslims worked and studied
togtherSlide7
10.3 City Building and Architecture
#2 Baghdad – Card I #11 Mosques – Card K
Baghdad:
Abbasid capital – more central for the entire empire
Village between Tigris and Euphrates Rivers – cross road of trade routes connecting the empire
At center of the city is where the caliph’s palace and grand mosque is – city is round
Double wall with guards, guarded inner part of city
One of world’s largest citiesSlide8
10.3 City Building and Architecture
#2 Baghdad – Card I #11 Mosques – Card K
Mosques:
Muslim house of worship
Had a minaret (tower) with a small balcony where the call to prayer comes from.
Fountain for washing
Prayer room inside – worshipers sit on mats and carpets
Imam – prayer leader.Slide9
10.4 Scholarship and Learning
#14 Scholarship and Learning – Card J
“The ink of scholars is more precious than the blood of martyrs.”
8
th
century, Arabic was the language of scholarship and science
Shared language and love of learning allowed ideas to exchange and build upon others work
Built schools and libraries in Muslim cities
People came from all over world to work togetherSlide10
10.4 Scholarship and Learning
#14 Scholarship and Learning – Card J
Hall of Wisdom – Cairo – could visit to read books and study
Cordoba, Spain library had 400,000 volumes of books
Muslim people studied Plato and Aristotle and used reasoning and logicSlide11
10.4 Scholarship and Learning
#14 Scholarship and Learning – Card J
Sometimes wondered how to make reason and logical proof agree with their religious faith.
Humans had 2 sources of knowledge: reason and revelation by God
Ibn
Sina
, become Islam’s most famous philosopher – believed all knowledge came from God and that truth could be known through revelation and reasonSlide12
10.5 Science and Technology
#1 Astronomy – Card F #16 Zoology Card H
#7 Irrigation and Underground Wells – Card M
Astronomy
– compasses and astrolabes helped locate
Makkah
. Allowed worshipers far from Holy city pray facing right direction.
Also able to find out the exact times for prayer and month of Ramadan using astronomy
Also just wanted to learn about the universe.
Also thought Earth was center of universe with the sun and stars going around Earth – is this true?Slide13
10.5 Science and Technology
#1 Astronomy – Card F #16 Zoology Card H
#7 Irrigation and Underground Wells – Card M
Zoology
– scientific study of animals
Wrote books describing animal bone structure
How to make medicine for animals
Evolution of animals
Established zoosSlide14
10.6 Geography and Navigation
# 5 Geography and Navigation – Card P
Examined plants and animals in different regions
Divided world into climate zones
Calculated Earth’s circumference accurately
Created accurate maps
Travelers could get information for water resources to help in travel and trade
Wrote guidebooks for travelers
Used compasses – probably learned from Chinese
Irrgation
and Underground Wells
Irrigation and Underground Wells Slide15
10.6 Geography and Navigation
# 5 Geography and Navigation – Card P
Examined plants and animals in different regions
Divided world into climate zones
Calculated Earth’s circumference accurately
Created accurate maps
Travelers
couldget
information for water resources to help in travel and trade
Wrote guidebooks for travelers
Used compasses – probably learned from Chinese
Irrgation
and Underground Wells
Irrigation and Underground Wells Slide16
10.7 Mathematics
#9 Mathematics – Card O
Based work on India and classical Greece
Learned from Euclid
Khwarizmi – worked at House of Wisdom – father of algebra
Helped populate Arabic numbers in Europe
Populated the use of the number Zero
Zero makes it easier to write large numbersSlide17
10.8 Medicine
#10 Medicine – Card L
Some of most contributions in this field
Learned from Greeks, Mesopotamians, Egyptians
Established 1
st
hospitals – Baghdad had 5
Doctors treated disease with diet, drugs and exercise
Did surgery – hospitals were advanced
al-
Razi
, realized bacteria spread infection – studied smallpox and measlesSlide18
10.9 Bookmaking and Literature
#8 Bookmaking and Literature – Card N
Paper making helped literature grow
Bookmaking was an
artform
Bookmaking was a big business
Arabs had rich story telling tradition – now they could share it in writing
Arabian Nights
– famous Arabic book
Sufism or Islamic mysticism – helped enhance this through poetrySlide19
10.10 Art and Music
#3 Calligraphy – Card D
#12 Music – Card G
#6 Geometric/floral design – B #15 Textiles - E
Geometric and Floral Design
- famous for decorative art
Illustrated Manuscripts
Applied talent to everyday items – plates, glassware, clothes, walls of mosques
Arabesque – natural world – leaves, flowers, etc.
Made metal boxes, ceramic bowls, tiles, carpets
Used geometric shapes in designsSlide20
10.10 Art and Music
#3 Calligraphy – Card D
#12 Music – Card G
#6 Geometric/floral design – B #15 Textiles - E
Calligraphy
– highest form of decorative art
Qur’an – felt only calligraphy would do for writing
Used Calligraphy to decorate everyday itemsSlide21
10.10 Art and Music
#3 Calligraphy – Card D
#12 Music – Card G
#6 Geometric/floral design – B #15 Textiles - E
Textiles
: cloths or textiles, rugs, etc.
Great effort in making these artistic
Sometimes had inscriptions or designs showing important events
Sometimes embroidered
Clothes showed rank and served as a status in Muslim worldSlide22
10.10 Art and Music
#3 Calligraphy – Card D
#12 Music – Card G
#6 Geometric/floral design – B #15 Textiles - E
Music
: Baghdad, Damascus – centers of Muslim Music world
Ziryab
, talented musician and singer from Baghdad – established first music school
Singing was essential part of Muslim Spain’s musical culture
Created songs about love, nature and glory of the empireSlide23
10.11 Recreation
#13 Polo – Card C #4 Chess – Card A
Polo
– learned about it from the Persians
Played on horses – Muslims saw horses as a status symbol
Chess
: invented in India. Persians introduced it to Muslims
Caliphs invited chess champions including women and slaves to their palaces to play in matches - intellectual challengeSlide24
Friday, November
11, 2011
On a separate sheet of paper answer the following question WITH DETAIL – to be turned in when finished!
In your opinion, what was the most important Muslim achievement? Why? Give detail.Slide25
Human Spectrum
With your partner(s) go through the list of contributions and rank them. You are going to do this 2 ways
1. in order of importance (1 -16) 1 meaning the most important, 16 being the least important
2. go through each contribution and rank it on a scale of 1-4; 1 being really important, 4 being least important
Example
: Mathematics
– Rank #8; and 1 on a scale of 1-4