MDHom Paediatrics Asst Professor Department of Anatomy MN HOMOEOPATHIC MEDICAL COLLEGE amp RESEARCH INSTITUTE BIKANER DEFINITION OF MEDIASTINUM It is an intrathoracic tissue space ID: 921124
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MEDIASTINUM
By:Dr. Vikrant TripathiM.D.(Hom.) PaediatricsAsst. ProfessorDepartment of Anatomy
M.N. HOMOEOPATHIC MEDICAL COLLEGE & RESEARCH INSTITUTE, BIKANER
Slide2DEFINITION OF MEDIASTINUM
It is an intrathoracic tissue space between the right & left pleural sacs. It includes all the structures which lie in the intermediate compartments of the thoracic cavity.
Slide3Slide4DIVISIONS OF MEDIASTINUM
It is divided by a horizontal plane extending from sternal angle to lower border of 4th thoracic vertebra into:Superior mediastinum: above the planeInferior mediastinum: below the plane, it is subdivided into:Anterior mediastinum: in front of pericardiumMiddle mediastinum: contains heart & pericardiumPosterior mediastinum: behind pericardium
Slide5DIVISIONS OF MEDIASTINUM
Slide6SUPERIOR MEDIASTINUM
BOUNDARIES:Anterior: manubrium sterniPosterior: Upper 4 thoracic vertebraeSuperior: Plane of thoracic inletInferior: Horizontal planeOn each side: mediastinal Pleura
CONTENTS:FROM BEHIND FORWARD:EsophagusTracheaArch of aorta & its 3 branches: brachiocephalic, left common carotid & left subclavian arteriesRight & left brachiocephalic veins & superior vena cavaThymus gland
Slide7SUPERIOR MEDIASTINUM
OTHER CONTENTS:Nerves:Right & left vagusRight & left phrenicRight & left sympathetic trunksLeft recurrent laryngealLymphatic structures:Thoracic ductLymph nodes
Slide8Slide9Inferior mediastinum
Slide10Slide11Anterior mediastinum
Boundaries:Anteriorly- body of sternum.Posteriorly- anterior aspect of pericardium.Superiorly- horizontal plane.inferiorly- diaphragm.Laterally- mediastinal pleura.Contents:Sternopericardial ligaments.Lymph nodes & vessels.Small mediastinal branches of ITA.LOWEST PART OF THYMUS.
AREOLAR TISSUES.
Slide12Slide13Posterior mediastinum
Boundaries:Anteriorly- Pericardium, bifurcation of trachea, pulmonary vessels & posterior part of the upper segment of diaphragm.Posteriorly- lower eight thoracic vertebrae with their Intervertebral discs.Laterally- mediastinal pleura.
Slide14Hemiazygos
Hemiazygos
Slide15Clinical anatomy
Mediastinal tumors.Mediastinal syndrome: cough, dyspnoea, dysphagia, hoarseness of voice, intercostal neuralgia. These symptoms occurs due to compression by any tumor or cyst.
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