Presentations text content in Drugs
Slide1
Drugs
Slide2Influences on Drug Use
Biological – heredityIdentical twinsAdoption studiesBoys at age 6 excitable, fearless, impulsive (genetic traits) are more likely to take drugsNPY – brain chemical more sensitive to alcoholGene identified to predispose people to alcohol dependencePsychological Lacking sense of purposeStressDepressionSocial-culturalUrban enviroCultural attitude toward drugsPeer influences
Slide3Drugs
Our brain is protected by a layer of capillaries called the blood-brain barrier.The drugs that are small enough to pass through are called psychoactive drugs.
Slide4Psychoactive Drugs
Chemicals that
alter moods and perceptions
through actions on neural synapses
Altered state (altered moods and perceptions)associated with changes in brain activity
Examples: alcohol, marijuana, cocaine (depressants, hallucinogens, stimulants)
Slide5Slide6Dependence and Addiction
Addiction – compulsive craving for a drug despite adverse consequencesTolerance – need to take larger and larger doses to experience the same effectsNeuroadaptation - change in brain chemistry that offsets the effects of a psychoactive drugWithdrawal – discomfort and distress that follow the discontinued use of certain drugs (aches, nausea, distress)Physical dependence – physiological need for a drug indicated by withdrawal symptomsPsychological dependence – psychological need to use a drug
Slide7Drugs are either….
Agonists – mimics neurotransmittersOpiates (heroine, morphine) mimic endorphinsAntagonists – block neurotransmittersLSD – blocks serotoninReuptake inhibitorsCocaine – blocks reuptake of dopamine, Ecstasy blocks reuptake of serotonin
Slide8Depressants
Slows down body processes and calms neural activity.Breathing slows, pupils constrict, anxiety replaced by pleasureAlcoholBarbiturates/ tranquilizersOpiates (morphine, heroine)
Slide9Alcohol
More than 86 billion dollars are spent annually on alcoholic beverages.Alcohol is involved in 60% of ALL crimes.Alcohol is involved in over 70% of sexually related crimes.Is it worth the cost?
Slide10Opiates
Agonist for endorphins. Morphine, heroin, methadone and codeine.Pupils constrict, breathing slows, lethargy, blissful pleasure replaces pain and anxietyHighly addictiveBrain stops producing own opiates (endorphins)brain will lack painkilling neurotransmitters after withdrawal
Slide11Stimulants
Excite neural activity and speed up body processes.
Increased heart and breathing rates, pupils dilate, appetite diminishes, energy increasesMore powerful ones (like cocaine) give people feelings of invincibility.AmphetaminesMethamphetaminesCaffeineNicotineCocaineEcstasy
Slide12Hallucinogens
Psychedelics
Causes changes in perceptions of realityLSD, peyote, psilocybin mushrooms and marijuana.Reverse tolerance or synergistic effect
Drugs
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