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Mutations Mutations

Mutations - PowerPoint Presentation

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Uploaded On 2016-03-02

Mutations - PPT Presentation

Mutations Hollywoods images of mutation Mutations Actual Mutations in fruit flies What is a mutation A mutation is any change in a cells DNA A mutation can occur in an individual gene ID: 238672

mutation mutations gene chromosomal mutations mutation chromosomal gene chromosome kinds syndrome deletions base chromosomes single occur extra dramatic inversions

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Slide1

MutationsSlide2

Mutations

Hollywood’s images of

mutationSlide3

Mutations

Actual Mutations

in fruit fliesSlide4

What is a mutation?

A mutation is any change in a cell’s DNA

A mutation can occur in an individual gene

- results in a single changed protein

- cystic fibrosis a mutation in

the protein that makes a type of ion channels in cell membrane - bacterial resistance to antibiotics is an example of a beneficial gene mutationSlide5

What is a mutation

continued

A mutation can occur in a chromosome

- a chromosome contains many genes

- chromosomal mutations affect many proteins

Examples: Down Syndrome Edward’s Syndrome Cri-du-ChatSlide6

What Causes Mutations?

Can be caused by

mutagens

- a physical or chemical cause of mutation. Examples: UV light, radiation, drugs, and benzene.

Mutagens are often also carcinogens – anything that causes cancer

Can be natural, random events. - mutations occur in 1/100,000 DNA replicationsMutations do not have to be bad (evolution)Slide7

Critical Thinking

Will all mutations have a dramatic impact on an individual? How do you know? Which types of mutations do you think will have the greatest impact on an organism?Slide8

Gene MutationsSlide9

Kinds of Mutations

Substitutions

usually affect no more than a single amino acid.

Also known as

point mutationsSlide10

Kinds of Mutations

The effects of

insertions

or

deletions are more dramatic.The addition or deletion of a nucleotide causes a shift in the grouping of codons.

Changes like these are called frameshift mutations.Slide11

Kinds of Mutations

In an insertion, an extra base is inserted into a base sequence.Slide12

Kinds of Mutations

In a deletion, the loss of a single base is deleted and the reading frame is shifted.Slide13

Knowledge Check

What is a point mutation? Example?

What is a

frameshift mutation? Example?Slide14

Chromosomal Mutations

Chromosomal mutations involve changes in the number or structure of chromosomes.

Chromosomal mutations include deletions, duplications, inversions, and translocations.Slide15

Chromosomal Mutations

Deletions involve the loss of all or part of a chromosome.Slide16

Chromosomal Mutations

Duplications produce extra copies of parts of a chromosome.Slide17

Chromosomal Mutations

Inversions reverse the direction of parts of chromosomes.Slide18

Chromosomal Mutations

Translocations occurs when part of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another.Slide19

Critical Thinking

If Down Syndrome is characterized by having 3 copies of the 21

st

chromosomes, would it be explained by a gene or chromosomal mutation? Which specific type of gene or chromosomal mutation?

Why?Slide20

Significance of Mutations

Many mutations have little or no effect on gene expression.

Some mutations are the cause of genetic disorders.

Cancer

Down Syndrome