Political Leaders Quiet Revolution FLQ Official Languages Act October Crisis Pearson VS Diefenbaker Pearson Diefenbaker Appealed to younger urban voters especially in Central Canada Wanted Canada to sever British connections and create an identity meaningful to all Canadians both French ID: 512372
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Slide1
Political Change and Turmoil
Political Leaders
Quiet Revolution
FLQ
Official Languages Act
October CrisisSlide2
Pearson VS Diefenbaker
Pearson
Diefenbaker
Appealed to younger, urban voters, especially in Central Canada
Wanted Canada to sever British connections and create an identity meaningful to all Canadians- both French and English
Introduced trial abolition of the death penalty and easier divorce lawsIntroduced Canada's flag 1965
Nationalist-wanted to preserve British heritage and stand up to American influence
Helped create the Bill of Rights
1
st
Prime Minister to include women in his cabinet and appoint an Aboriginal senator
Gave Aboriginals on reserves the right to vote
Unpopular with French Canadians due to belief that all Canadians are equalSlide3
The Flag Debate
Many Canadians saw the old flag as too British for modern Canada
Led to a debate in Canada
English Canadians wanted to keep the Red Ensign
French Canadians wanted a new flag
Feb 15 1965 the new flag was raised on Parliament- While English Canadians regaurd the flag with pride, French Canadians continue to fly primarily the Fleur-de-lysSlide4
Then and NowSlide5
Social Welfare in Canada
1966 Pearson expanded Social Welfare programs in Canada
The Canada Pension Plan
Improved upon existing pension plans
The Canada Assistance Plan
To help the provinces finance social assistance programs for people in needMedical Care Act- Introduced universal health careSlide6
Trudeau: A National Celebrity
A relaxed and charismatic French Canadian who appealed to the young
Strong federalist
Drove sports cars, dated models, went to nigh clubs, very popular with women
Seen as a rock star
Crowds swarmed his appearancesSlide7
Trudeau: Just Society
Though Canada should be a just society for all Canadians
Believed that government had a duty to protect the rights and freedoms of people and to foster their economic and social well being
Did not believe that government had the right to interfere with civil libertiesSlide8
Jean Lesage
1960 Liberal who came to power in Quebec after
Duplessis
death
Announced it was a Time for Change and wanted to end government corruption
Contracts and jobs now awarded based on merit not connectionWages and pensions increasedRemoved restrictions on trade unionsSlide9
Quiet Revolution
A wave of change in which the Quebec government modernized the economy, politics, education, and culture
People were encouraged to think for themselves which led to a decline in the influence of the Catholic Church
Expanded social services and education
Students were now required to take more sciences and technology coursesSlide10
The Birth of Separatism
Quebec nationalism and separatism born in the 1960s/70s
Resented English Canadian dominance in Canada
The national capital was mostly English speaking
wanted more French speaking politicians in the cabinet
French schools and hospitals should be available outside of QuebecFrench shouldn’t be expected to speak English in stores and workSlide11
Parti Quebecois PQ
Broke away from the Liberals
Led by Rene Levesque
Supported Separation
Believed that Canada and Quebec should divorce peacefully than to continue a marriage of two cultures that seemed unworkableSlide12
Front de Liberation du Quebec
FLQ terrorist group fighting for an independent country of Quebec
Blew up mailboxes and attacked symbols of English Canadian power in Quebec
Resorted to kidnapping and bombings Slide13
Bi and Bi Commission
Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism
To investigate solutions to help French Canadians feel more a part of a united Canada
Recommended that Canada become bilingual with both French and English as the official languages of Canada and adopt strategies to protect language minoritiesSlide14
Official Languages Act
Official Languages Act (1969), federal statute that declares French and English to be the official languages of Canada,
All federal institutions must provide their services in English or French at the customer's choice.
Both languages taught in schools across the countrySlide15
Official Languages Act Faced mixed reviews
Some Western Canadians felt
Some French Canadians
French was being forced upon them
Ottawa was being controlled by Quebec while the Western provinces were being ignored
Wanted special status for Quebec in which it did not have to include English
Trudeau insisted Quebec be treated like any other provinceSlide16
October Crisis: Kidnapping
Oct 1970 members of the FLQ kidnapped British diplomat James Cross
demanded the release of FLQ members serving prison sentences and a public reading of
the
FLQ
manifestoQuebec Premier agreed to all term but the release of prisoners, so the FLQ kidnapped Quebec Labour minister Pierre LaporteSlide17
October Crisis: Trudeau Fights Back
In response, Trudeau imposed the War Measures Act
First time it was used in peace time
Suspended Canadians civil rights so anyone could be arrested and detained without being charged
Outlawed the FLQ
Trudeau “Just Watch Me”Slide18
On Oct 16 federal troops patrolled the streets of Ottawa and Montreal. Hundreds of pro-separatists were arrested. This hard line approach was uncharacteristic of Trudeau’s government and led to massive protestsSlide19
End of the October Crisis
Oct 17
th
1970 the body of Pierre
Laporte was found in the truck of a car
His murder increased pressure in the government to crack down on the FLQ James Cross was handed over after 60 days in exchange for safe passage to CubaOut of 450 people detained, most were released without chargesSlide20
Bill 22
Made French the sole language in Quebec to be used in civic administration and services and in the workplace
Done to pacify French separatists after the October Crisis
forced hundreds of thousands of businesses and professionals who were not proficient in French to move out of the provinceSlide21
Bill 101
1976 the Part Quebecois won the provincial election
Wanted to strengthen
the French
language and fight English influences in Quebec
Passed Bill 101 which specifiedFrench was the only official language and all government employees had to work in FrenchCommercial outdoor signs in French onlyChildren of immigrants must attend French schools