David E Szwedo Amori Y Mikami amp Joseph P Allen University of Virginia 1 Overview Current state of Internet use online social communication and social networking websites Observational social networking website coding ID: 546310
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "Psychological and Interpersonal Implicat..." is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
Psychological and Interpersonal Implications of Peer Interactions on Social Networking Websites for Troubled Youth
David E. Szwedo, Amori Y. Mikami, & Joseph P. AllenUniversity of Virginia
1Slide2
Overview
Current state of Internet use, online social communication, and social networking websites
Observational social networking website coding
methodology
Review theory and findings between online social communication and: - Internalizing symptoms - Externalizing behavior - Friendships
2Slide3
Overview
Examine associations between youths’ observed online behavior and future: -
Depressive symptoms
- Intrusive behavior - Friendship competence Consider the significance of youths’ initial offline psychosocial functioning for predicting these future outcomes 3Slide4
Current Social Landscape of the Internet
93% of adolescents (ages 13-17) are currently online
5
- 77% of 15-17 year-olds use social networking websites6 - 75% of 18-24 year-olds use social networking websites6
Daily communication with friends
6
:
- 42% send messages through social networking websites
- 26% send instant messages - 16% send email - 29% spend time with friends in person outside of school
4Slide5
5Slide6
6Slide7
7Slide8
Social Networking Websites
Teens and adults use social networks to make and maintain
friendships
6
: Stay in touch with friends: - 91% of teens and 89% of adults
Make plans with friends:
- 72% of teens and 57% of adults
Make new friends:
- 49% of teens and 49% of adults
8Slide9
Methodology
Sample
63 young adults
Drawn from larger study of adolescents, their parents, and friends
25 males / 38 females
Assessed at ages 20 & 21
Socio-economically diverse (median family income: $40-$60K)
67% Caucasian; 22% African-American; 11% other/mixed
ethnicity
9Slide10
Social Network Website Coding
“Friended” participants to gain access to personal profile
Or viewed participants’ profiles in the public domain
Examined:
Size of online friend network
Quality of comments received from peers
Quality of photos posted on profile
10Slide11
Positive Qualities
Number of Friends – Total number of online “friends” in youths’ online social network
Number of Different Friends Posting
– How many different people leave messages on youths’ wall
11Slide12
Negative Qualities
Deviant Talk Comments – Comments reflecting profanity, indirect or direct mention of alcohol or drug use, delinquency, or sex
Deviant Behavior in Posted Photos
– Examples include explicit alcohol use (e.g. taking shots, doing
kegstands), provocative dress or gestures, or vandalism12Slide13
Outcome Measures
Depressive Symptoms
Beck Depression Inventory
Self-report
Intrusive Behavior
Adult Behavior Checklist
Close-peer report
Close Friendship Competence Self-Perception Profile for Adolescents Close-peer report
13Slide14
Internet and Depressive Symptoms
Early studies suggested a positive relationship between Internet use and depressive symptoms1,2
Suggested that time spent online may take time away from
face-to-face social relationships
1,3 Some early evidence indicated that these effects may disappear as Internet use becomes more normative414Slide15
Internet and Depressive Symptoms
More recent forms of online social communication may be associated with lower depressive symptoms
- May be easier for youth with offline difficulties to communicate
online
Associations may depend on initial levels of youths’ offline psychosocial functioning7,8,9,10 Positive interactions may help less well-adjusted youth whereas negative interactions may exacerbate problems of
less well-adjusted youth
15Slide16
Analyses
Regression
1. Gender
Family income
2. Time 1 offline psychosocial functioning3. Time 1 social-networking website behavior4. Time 1 offline psychosocial functioning X
Time 1 social-networking website behavior
Outcomes (Time 2)
Depressive symptoms
Intrusive behavior
Friendship competence 16Slide17
17
-.34*
.02Slide18
18
-.43**
.12
Positive Qualities linked to
Decreased Symptoms for Youth who began the study more DepressedSlide19
19
.58**
-.19
Deviant Photos linked to
Increased Symptoms for Youth who began the study more DepressedSlide20
Summary
For youth with greater
Depressive Symptoms:
Positive online qualities predict decreased Depression Negative online qualities predict
increased
Depression
20Slide21
Internet and Intrusive Behavior
Online friend network size →
fewer deviant comments from peers
Offline literature: Positive friendships may reduce externalizing behavior Expect similar results for positive online relationships
21Slide22
Internet and Intrusive Behavior
Offline delinquency →
later hostility online
Offline delinquency →
deviant behavior in posted photos online Online deviant comments/photos → increased
offline alcohol use
Negative online behavior may increase offline externalizing behavior
Less well-adjusted youth may be more influenced
22Slide23
23
-.49**
.31*
Positive Qualities linked to
Decreased Intrusive Behavior for Youth who began the study more IntrusiveSlide24
24
.35*
-.15
Deviant Comments linked to
Increased Intrusive Behavior
for Youth who began the study more IntrusiveSlide25
Summary
For youth with greater
Intrusiveness:
Positive online qualities predict decreased Intrusiveness Negative online qualities predict
increased
Intrusiveness
25Slide26
Internet and Friendships
Initially thought that Internet use might reduce social relationships
Online communication not as satisfying as face-to-face
Recent evidence:
Social networking websites may stimulate friendships Online relationships may be as satisfying as offline26Slide27
Youth who are more socially skilled offline:
- More online friends- More connection online from friends
- More support online from friends
Will better adjusted youth who engage in positive online communication be seen as more competent friends?
Will poorly adjusted youth who engage in negative online communication be seen as less competent friends?
27
Internet and Friendships Slide28
28
Will better adjusted youth who engage in positive online communication be seen as more competent friends?
Examine interactions:
Positive Online Behavior X Depressive Symptoms
Positive Online Behavior X Intrusive Behavior
Internet and
Friendship Competence Slide29
29
.38*
-.40
More Friends linked to
Increased Competence for Youth who began the study less DepressedSlide30
30
.45**
-.16
More People Posting linked to
Increased Competence for Youth who began the study less IntrusiveSlide31
31
Will poorly adjusted youth who engage in negative online communication be seen as less competent friends?
Examine interactions:
Negative Online Behavior X Depressive Symptoms
Negative Online Behavior X Intrusive Behavior
Internet and
Friendship Competence Slide32
32
.21
-.60**
More Deviant Comments linked to
Decreased Competence for Youth who began the study more IntrusiveSlide33
Summary
Predicting Depressive Symptoms & Intrusive Behavior:
Positive and negative qualities of social networking website communication
appear to be
more important for highly-depressed and highly-intrusive youth Positive qualities may decrease symptoms Negative qualities may increase
symptoms
33Slide34
Summary
Depressive Symptoms & Friendship Competence
:
Less depressed → positive qualities → more competent
Intrusive Behavior & Friendship Competence:
Less intrusive → positive qualities → more competent
More intrusive → negative qualities → less competent
34Slide35
Summary
Depressive Symptoms & Friendship Competence
:
Less depressed → positive qualities → more competent Intrusive Behavior & Friendship Competence:
Less intrusive → positive qualities → more competent
More intrusive → negative qualities → less competent
35Slide36
Summary
Depressive Symptoms & Friendship Competence
:
Less depressed → positive qualities → more competent
Intrusive Behavior & Friendship Competence:
Less intrusive → positive qualities → more competent
More intrusive → negative qualities → less competent
36Slide37
Limitations
Non-experimental nature of the data Examining a limited number of online behaviors and
psychosocial outcomes
Gender differences
37Slide38
Conclusions
Online social-networking behavior may have implications for youths’ offline behavior
These implications may depend on both the quality of
youths’ online social behavior
and their initial levels of offline psychosocial functioning38
Copies of this and related papers available at:
www.TeenResearch.orgSlide39
Conclusions
Online communication may provide opportunities for less well-adjusted youth to feel connected to others
However, it may also provide opportunities to exacerbate
pre-existing problems
39Copies of this and related papers available at:
www.TeenResearch.orgSlide40
Thank you!!!
Joseph P. Allen, Ph.D.
Amori Yee Mikami, Ph.D.
Nell Manning
Amanda HareEmily MarstonErin MigaJoanna ChangoMegan SchadClaire StephensonJen HelisteAmanda LeTard
40
Meredyth
Evans
Katy Higgins
Maggie
PoandlJessica Van AttaAnne DawsonApril ReevesCaroline WhiteKelly McVicar
Collaborators
Social Networking Website Coders
Copies of this and related papers available at:
www.TeenResearch.orgSlide41
References
1
Kraut, R., Patterson, M.,
Lundmark
, V. Kiesler, S., Mukopadhyay, T., & Scherlis, W. (1998). Internet paradox: A social technology that reduces social involvement and psychological well-being? American Psychologist, 53
, 1017-1031.
2
Ybarra, M.L, Alexander, C., & Mitchell, K.J. (2005). Depressive
symptomology
, youth Internet use, and online interactions: A national survey. Journal of Adolescent Health, 36, 9-18.3 Cummings, J.N., Butler, B., & Kraut, R. (2002). The quality of online social relationships. Communications of the ACM, 45, 103-108.4 Kraut, R., Kiesler, S., Boneva, B., Cummings, J.,
Helgeson
, V,. & Crawford, A. (2002). Internet paradox revisited.
Journal of Social Issues, 58,
49-74.
5
Jones, S., & Fox, S. (2009).
Generations online in 2009.
PEW Internet and American Life Project. Retrieved Jan. 3, 2010, from
http://www.pewinternet.org/Reports/2009/Generations-Online-in-2009.aspx?r=1
.
6
Lenhart
, A. (2009
). It’s personal: Similarities and differences in online social network use between teens and adults.
PEW Internet and American Life Project. Retrieved Jan. 3, 2010, from
http://www.slideshare.net/PewInternet/its-personal-similarities-and-differences-in-online-social-network-use-between-teens-and-adults?type=presentation
.
7
Ellison, N.B.,
Steinfield
, C., & Lampe, C. (2007). The benefits of Facebook “friends:” Social capital and college students’ use of online social network sites.
Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication. 12
, 1143-1168.
8
Bessière
, K.,
Kiesler
, S., Kraut, R., &
Boneva
, B. (2008). Effects of Internet use and social resources on changes in depression.
Information, Communication & Society
,
11
(1), 47-70.
9
Ando, R., & Sakamoto, A. (2008). The effect of cyber-friends on loneliness and social anxiety: Differences between high and low self-evaluated physical attractiveness groups.
Computers in Human Behavior, 24,
993-1009.
10
Szwedo, D.E., Mikami, A.Y., & Allen, J.P. (2009). Social networking site use predicts changes in youths’ psychological adjustment.
Manuscript submitted for publication.
41
Copies of this and related papers available at:
www.TeenResearch.org