Standard Precautions and Blood-borne Pathogens - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Standard Precautions and Blood-borne PathogensSlide2

What are Standard Precautions?

Standard Precautions apply to blood and other body fluids containing blood, semen and vaginal secretions. Standard Precautions do not apply to feces, nasal secretions, sputum, sweat, tears, urine, saliva and vomit unless these contain visible blood or are likely to contain blood.Slide3

Standard (Universal) Precautions:

Includes the use of protective barriers such as gloves, gowns, aprons, masks or protective eyewear, which can reduce the risk of exposure of skin or mucous membranes that could come in contact with materials that may contain blood-borne pathogens while the child care provider is providing first aid or general care.Slide4

Transmission Based Precautions:

Transmission based precautions are required, in addition to Standard Precautions, where airborne, droplet and contact transmission of infectious organisms may occur. Common transmission based precautions include hand washing and cleaning and sanitizing surfaces.Slide5

Four Ways to Spread Germs(Transmission of Germs)

Airborne or respiratory route

Direct contact route

Fecal-oral route

Blood contact routeSlide6

Germs are spread via droplets through:NoseMouthSinus

Throat

Lungs

Contaminated Tissues or Fabric

Examples:

TB, colds, chicken pox

Germs are spread through directly touching an infected area or body fluid such as:

Saliva

Mucus

Eye Discharge

Pus or Weeping

Examples:

Conjunctivitis (pink eye), impetigo, lice, chicken pox

Airborne or Respiratory

Direct ContactSlide7

Germs are transferred from stool to host via:HandsFoodMouthed Toys

Toilet

Diapers, etc.

Examples:

Hand, foot and mouth disease; Hepatitis A; Rotavirus

Transmission can occur when individual comes in contact with infected blood or infected body fluids

Examples:

Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, HIV/AIDS

Fecal-Oral Route

Blood ContactSlide8

Hepatitis B (HBV)

Occurs when the HBV virus enters the body, multiplies in the blood and infects the liver

Can result in mild illness or permanent liver damage

Hepatitis B is the cause of up to 80% liver cancer

Most individuals recover; however, death does occur in rare cases due to liver failureSlide9

Symptoms of Hepatitis B

Weakness

Fatigue

Loss of appetite

Nausea

Abdominal pain

Fever

Headache

Occasional yellowing of skin and whites of eyes

Individuals may show no symptoms but may infect someone else

There is no cure for Hepatitis B

There is a vaccine available to help prevent Hepatitis BSlide10

Hepatitis C (HCV)

Modes of transmission include:

Injecting drug use account for 60% of cases

Sexual exposure

Shared cocaine straws

Occupation

Hemodialysis

Perinatal

***Hepatitis

C is the most common chronic blood-borne

infection***Slide11

Hepatitis C (HCV) is NOT Spread By:

Sneezing

Hugging

Coughing

Food or water

Sharing eating utensils

Drinking glasses or casual contact

How is Hepatitis Spread?

Infected person to uninfected person during anal, vaginal, oral sexual intercourse

IV drug users that share needles

Tattooing with unspecialized equipment

HBV/HCV infected mothers passing the virus to their unborn child

HBV/HCV infected mothers passing the virus through breast milk

Blood to blood transmission through blood transfusion, breaks in skin or through mucous membranesSlide12

HIV/AIDS

An infection caused by several related retro viruses

HIV attacks T cells whose function is to protect the immune system

Most people with HIV develop antibodies within 6-12 weeks after infection but can still transmit the virus during this “seroconverting” stageSlide13

HIV/AIDS is NOT Spread By:

Casual contact with infected people

Holding or hugging infected people

Sharing food, utensils, clothing, bed linens, art equipment (play-dough, clay or water play)

Kissing on the lips or cheeks

Coming into contact with perspiration, tears, vomit, urine or stool that does not contain visible blood

Shaking hands

Sharing restroom

Bathroom fixtures

Drinking fountains

Mosquitoes

Eating with carriersSlide14

How is the HIV Infection Spread?

Infected person to uninfected person during unprotected anal, vaginal or oral sexual intercourse

Infected intravenous drug users when they share needles and syringes contaminated with blood

Women infected with HIV can pass the virus to their unborn child. (As the virus can be transmitted through breastfeeding, breastfeeding is

NOT

recommended to infants of infected mothers)

Blood to blood transmission when the infected blood enters the blood stream by blood transfusion, breaks in the skin, mucous or needle sticksSlide15

What tasks put you at risk of contact with blood-borne infections?

Bleeding injuries

Biting

Loose tooth

Changing

band-aids

or dressings

Handling breast milk

Performing CPR

Any task that involves visible blood

***

When rendering aid to a bleeding student or co-worker, encourage them to administer their own first aid if possible. You may have only to offer supplies, turn faucets on and off, etc. If you need to provide direct assistance, wear gloves or use another barrier. Remember to dispose of all contaminated materials, the barriers used, and then wash your hands well.

***Slide16

How to Practice Standard Precautions:

Handwashing

Gloves

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Sanitizing

Waste Disposal

ImmunizationSlide17

When Should You Wash Your Hands?

Upon arrival at

AlphaBEST

Before handling food, preparing bottles, feeding children

After using toilet

After assisting child using toilet

After changing diapers

After contacting child’s body fluids, diapers, runny noses, spit, vomit

After handling pets or pet objects

After cleaning up a child, bathroom items or toys

Before giving medications to a child or self

After removing gloves used for any purpose

Before going homeSlide18

When Should Children Wash Their Hands?

Upon arrival at

AlphaBEST

Before and after eating

After using toilet or having diaper changed

After playing on playground

After handling pets or pet objects

Before going homeSlide19

How To Wash Your Hands:

Use warm running water and a mild liquid soap

Wet hands and apply a small amount (dime or quarter size) of soap

Rub hands vigorously until a soapy lather appears (about 15 seconds)

Make sure to scrub between fingers, under fingernails, tops and palms of hands

Rinse hands under warm running water

Dry hands with a clean, disposable towel

Turn off the faucet using the towel as a barrier between your clean hands and the dirty faucet

Discard the towel in a plastic lined foot pedal operated trash can

REMEMBER!

Proper

handwashing

is the

most effective

way of protecting your self, your family and the children against infection

Slide20

Protection through Gloves

Offers a barrier to protect skin which may have small cuts or cracks

Gloves should be disposable and made of Latex, vinyl or heavy-duty rubber

Gloves can have microscopic holes or tears – Be sure to wash your hands

before

putting on gloves and

as soon as you remove

the gloves.Slide21

When Should You Wear Gloves?

Whenever there is visible blood (first aid, changing bandages)

Unless there is visible blood, gloves are optional when changing diapers, wiping noses, cleaning up vomit or toileting accidents. Many people are more comfortable wearing gloves during these activities.

Gloves are available for whoever wants to wear them for protection.

They are located in the

AlphaBEST

cabinet or office.Slide22

Removing Disposable Gloves

Pinch Glove

Pinch the palm side of one glove near your wrist. Carefully pull the glove of so that it is inside out

Slip Two Fingers Under Glove

Hold the glove in the palm of your gloved hand. Slip two fingers under the glove at the wrist of the remaining gloved hand.

Pull Glove Off

Pull the glove until it comes off, inside out. The first glove should end up inside the glove you just removed.

Dispose of Gloves and Wash Hands

After removing the gloves:

Dispose of gloves and other personal protective equipment (PPE) in a proper biohazard container.

Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and running water.

(Note: To remove gloves without spreading germs, never touch your bare skin with the outside of either glove.)Slide23

Sharps

All sharps must be disposed of in a container that is closable, puncture resistant, leak proof and labeled with bio-hazard label

All needles or broken glass should be discarded into this containerSlide24

Handling Risky Situations:

Bloody nose:

Students with a bloody nose should sit up with their heads tilted forward. Have them firmly pinch their nostrils for 5 minutes to stop the bleeding, and give them a tissue to absorb blood under their nose. After the bleeding has stopped, remind them not to sniff, blow or rub their nose, as this may cause the clot to be dislodged and bleeding to recur. Dispose of contaminated materials, and you and the patient wash hands well.

Bites:

If anyone is bitten, immediately wash the area with soap and water. Complete the appropriate forms and notify

AlphaBEST

management. If the bite was inflicted by an animal, attempt to secure the animal for observation, if you can do so safely.Slide25

Handling Risky SituationsAthletic injuries:

Athletes must cover any existing cuts or scrapes before competing. Any athlete injured while competing must stop, have the area cleansed and bandaged securely before resuming play. Any contaminated equipment or surfaces should be cleaned until all visible blood is gone, then disinfected with an appropriate germicide. The area should be allowed to dry for 10 minutes. A 10:1 bleach solution, prepared within the last 24 hours, is an inexpensive, effective disinfectant.Slide26

If you are exposed, take the following steps immediately:

Wash

needlestick

injuries, cuts and exposed skin thoroughly with soap and water.

If splashed with blood or potentially infectious material around the mouth or nose, flush the area with water.

If splashed in or around the eyes, irrigate with clean water, saline or sterile

irrigants

for 20 minutes.

Notify your site or area manager immediately, in less than 24 hours.

Fill out the necessary papers with

AlphaBEST

management. Include the date, time and circumstances of the exposure; any actions taken after the exposure; and any other required information.

Take these papers to the doctor for medical evaluation.

Receive copies of all results and

AlphaBEST

will also receive confidential information of these evaluations for our records.

Receive follow-up evaluations if it is deemed necessary.

Complete any testing or immunizations recommended.Slide27

Cleaning & sanitizing procedure for blood/body fluids containing blood:

Gather all needed equipment – gloves, paper towels, plastic bags, cleaning solution and sanitizing solution

Put on disposable gloves

Use generous amount of paper towels to soak up the liquid part of the fluid

Place the paper towels and gloves in a separate plastic bag. Close and tie the bag

Place closed and tied bag in regular lined trash can

WASH YOUR HANDS!

Put on clean disposable gloves

Wash area with soap and water or other cleaning agent and rinse with waterSlide28

Cleaning & Sanitizing Procedures (cont.)

Spray with 10:1 bleach solution until glistening wet. Allow it to sit for two (2) minutes before wiping dry, or let air dry.

Use paper towels to soak up the liquid. Carpets and rugs can be cleaned with standard carpet cleaning chemicals.

Either discard or launder other fabrics through the machine

alone

with laundry detergent, then again using the 10:1 bleach solution to soak the fabric and laundry equipment for at least two (2) minutes

Non Porous Surfaces

Porous SurfacesSlide29

Soiled Clothing

Place child’s or staff’s soiled clothing in plastic bag labeled to be washed using proper laundering technique.

Child’s clothing should be sent home with parents.Slide30

Be Aware…

The use of commercially pre-saturated bleach wipes to sanitize surfaces is not recommended

The wipes have not been tested for effectiveness in sanitizing diaper changing surfaces found in child care

The contamination of the wipe during use may not be sufficiently controlled by the bleach solution in the wipeSlide31

Questions or Concerns?Consult your site or area manager for questions or concerns about standard precautions and blood-borne pathogens. When an incident occurs with the risk of infection, follow the correct procedures and contact

AlphaBEST

management

immediately.