How did it Affect the American Indians Manifest Destiny 1872 John Gast Spirit of the Frontier What is happening here How does this represent Americans way of thinking at this time ID: 512965
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Slide1
Westward Expansion
How did it Affect the American Indians?Slide2
“Manifest Destiny”
1872 John
Gast
“Spirit of the Frontier”
What is happening here?
How does this represent Americans’ way of thinking at this time?Slide3
How did Americans justify westward expansion and the removal of Indian tribes and their right to land?
Westward ExpansionSlide4
Texas RangersSlide5
Most Texans felt that peace between them and Indians would only come if Indians settled on reservations, where they could live separate lives.
The Texas legislature set aside approximately 70,000 acres, for Indian reservations in
northwest Texas
.
The Reservation PolicySlide6
Two major Indian reservations were built.
The
Brazos County Indian Reservation
2000 Indians moved to the reservation, including Caddo, Anadarko, Waco, and Tonkawa.
Many Indians moved to the reservation to gain protection from the Comanche.The Comanche Indian Reservation was located about forty miles away.
The Reservation PolicySlide7
T
he
Alabama-Coushatta
, unique among Texas tribes in their ability to maintain peace with Texans, moved to a reservation in Polk County. These people managed to avoid becoming involved in the warfare that was about to engulf their fellow Texas Indians.
The Reservation PolicySlide8
By the late 1850s, most Texans considered the reservation experiment to be a failure.
Conflicts between the Comanche and Texans made them eager to expel the Indians from Texas permanently.
As a result, the U.S. Army and Texas Rangers launched several military offensives against the Comanche.
The Removal of Texas IndiansSlide9
Unlike other western states, Texas has almost no Indian lands due to the conflicts that drove most of the Indians to other states.
Texas Indian Reservations Today
http://www.laits.utexas.edu/txp_media/html/cult/features/0500_02/indianreservation.htmlSlide10
The late 1860s was a difficult time for both Texans and Indians. For both groups, the frontier remained unsafe and unpredictable.
The federal garrisons that were supposed to protect settlers were undermanned. Texas wanted to provide rangers to supplement frontier defense but was ruined financially by the defeat in the war.
There was no money to wage war, and Texans faced a situation that appeared virtually unchanged from two decades before.
Indian Policy after the Civil WarSlide11
William T. Sherman, commander of the U.S. Army, and Philip H. Sheridan, commander of U.S. troops in Texas, were veterans of some of the worst fighting of the Civil War.
Sherman and Sheridan had learned not only to wage war on the battlefield but to break the enemy's will to resist.
To this end, they began a policy of encouraging the slaughter of the southern buffalo herd.
Slaughter of the BuffaloSlide12
Buffalo in Texas were first described by
Cabeza
de
Vaca. Texas was home to four main herds, and at the height of their population, their trails could be several miles wide. What became known as the "great slaughter" took place in the 1870s, and by 1878 the buffalo in Texas was all but exterminated.
Slaughter of the BuffaloSlide13
Prints and Photographs Collection, Texas State Library and Archives Commission. #1/112-3.