internal fertilization allows animals to reproduce sexually internal fertilization requires much less expenditure of resources internal fertilization produces more offspring ensuring rapid population growth ID: 651801
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "0 Animal Development An advantage of int..." is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
0
Animal DevelopmentSlide2
An advantage of internal fertilization over external fertilization is that
internal fertilization allows animals to reproduce sexually.
internal fertilization requires much less expenditure of resources.
internal fertilization produces more offspring, ensuring rapid population growth.
internal fertilization prevents the drying out
of gametes in a dry environment
.Slide3
An advantage of internal fertilization over external fertilization is that
internal fertilization allows animals to reproduce sexually.
internal fertilization requires much less expenditure of resources.
internal fertilization produces more offspring, ensuring rapid population growth.
internal fertilization prevents the drying out
of gametes in a dry environment
.Slide4
Spermatogenesis and oogenesis differ in that
oogenesis produces one haploid cell and spermatogenesis produces four.
oogenesis begins at the onset of puberty.
spermatogenesis begins in the embryonic
stage of development.
oogenesis produces one ovum and spermatogenesis produces four
spermatozoa.Slide5
Spermatogenesis and oogenesis differ in that
oogenesis produces one haploid cell and spermatogenesis produces four.
oogenesis begins at the onset of puberty.
spermatogenesis begins in the embryonic
stage of development.
oogenesis produces one ovum and spermatogenesis produces four
spermatozoa.Slide6
A blood sample taken from a woman in her 40s showing high levels of estrogen, progesterone, hCG, and prolactin suggests that
she will ovulate within one week.
she has not been sexually active for several months.
she is pregnant.
she is undergoing early menopause.Slide7
A blood sample taken from a woman in her 40s showing high levels of estrogen, progesterone, hCG, and prolactin suggests that
she will ovulate within one week.
she has not been sexually active for several months.
she is pregnant.
she is undergoing early menopause.Slide8
An infant suckling on the breast of a woman who has recently given birth sends a nerve impulse to the pituitary gland. The pituitary gland then secretes oxytocin, which stimulates the mammary glands in the breasts to release milk. What type of hormonal feedback is this?
negative feedback
positive feedbackSlide9
An infant suckling on the breast of a woman who has recently given birth sends a nerve impulse to the pituitary gland. The pituitary gland then secretes oxytocin, which stimulates the mammary glands in the breasts to release milk. What type of hormonal feedback is this?
negative feedback
positive feedbackSlide10
In cleavages immediately after zygote formation, the cells generally skip the G1 and G
2
portions of the cell cycle because the cell is
not undergoing transcription.
not undergoing translation.
not undergoing replication.
not translating its
mother’
s
RNA.Slide11
In cleavages immediately after zygote formation, the cells generally skip the G1 and G
2
portions of the cell cycle because the cell is
not undergoing transcription.
not undergoing translation.
not undergoing replication.
not translating its
mother’
s
RNA.Slide12
The formation of the fertilization membrane and the slow block to polyspermy are dependent on
the entrance of potassium ions into the egg.
the departure of sodium ions from the egg.
the entrance of calcium ions into the egg.
the departure of hydrogen ions from the egg.Slide13
The formation of the fertilization membrane and the slow block to polyspermy are dependent on
the entrance of potassium ions into the egg.
the departure of sodium ions from the egg.
the entrance of calcium ions into the egg.
the departure of hydrogen ions from the egg.Slide14
Diploidy is first reestablished following
fertilization.
gastrulation.
parthenogenesis.
organogenesis.
ovulation.Slide15
Diploidy is first reestablished following
fertilization.
gastrulation.
parthenogenesis.
organogenesis.
ovulation.Slide16
Development must occur in the order of which of the following sequences?
cleavage
blastula
gastrula
morula
cleavage
gastrula
morula
blastula
cleavage
morula
blastula
gastrula
gastrula
morula
blastula
cleavage
morula
cleavage
gastrula
blastula Slide17
Development must occur in the order of which of the following sequences?
cleavage
blastula
gastrula
morula
cleavage
gastrula
morula
blastula
cleavage
morula
blastula
gastrula
gastrula
morula
blastula
cleavage
morula
cleavage
gastrula
blastula Slide18
In humans, identical twins are produced by the separation of cells during
gastrulation.
organogenesis.
pattern formation.
blastomere
cleavage.
the development of the notochord.Slide19
In humans, identical twins are produced by the separation of cells during
gastrulation.
organogenesis.
pattern formation.
blastomere
cleavage.
the development of the notochord.Slide20
The anatomical axis that is largely symmetrical in both frogs and humans is
medial to lateral.
dorsal to ventral.
anterior to posterior.
animal to vegetal.
rostral to caudal.Slide21
The anatomical axis that is largely symmetrical in both frogs and humans is
medial to lateral.
dorsal to ventral.
anterior to posterior.
animal to vegetal.
rostral to caudal.Slide22
See the data on the following slide. How were the researchers able to independently measure DNA synthesis and RNA synthesis
?
Uridine
is a nucleoside building block for DNA but not RNA, whereas thymidine is a nucleoside building block for RNA but not DNA.
Thymidine
is a nucleoside building block for both DNA and RNA, but
uridine
is a nucleoside building block for RNA only.
Thymidine
is a nucleoside building block for DNA but not
RNA
, whereas
uridine
is a nucleoside building block for
RNA
but not DNA.
Uridine
is a nucleoside building block for both DNA and RNA, but thymidine is a nucleoside building block for DNA only
.Slide23Slide24
See the data on the following slide. How were the researchers able to independently measure DNA synthesis and RNA synthesis
?
Uridine
is a nucleoside building block for DNA but not RNA, whereas thymidine is a nucleoside building block for RNA but not DNA.
Thymidine
is a nucleoside building block for both DNA and RNA, but
uridine
is a nucleoside building block for RNA only.
Thymidine
is a nucleoside building block for DNA but not RNA, whereas
uridine
is a nucleoside building block for RNA but not DNA.
Uridine
is a nucleoside building block for both DNA and RNA, but thymidine is a nucleoside building block for DNA only
.Slide25
The graph on the following slide shows DNA synthesis and RNA synthesis with and without the toxin that prevents cell division. For the DNA data, one straight line represents the general trend for time points 1–5, and another straight line represents that for time points 5–11. What changes in synthesis occur at the end of cleavage, at time point 5
?
The
rate of
DNA synthesis decreases, and RNA
synthesis begins.
The rate of DNA synthesis increases, and RNA synthesis begins.
The rate of DNA synthesis does not change, but the rate of RNA synthesis increases.
The rates of both DNA synthesis and RNA synthesis decrease.Slide26Slide27
The graph on the following slide shows DNA synthesis and RNA synthesis with and without the toxin that prevents cell division. For the DNA data, one straight line represents the general trend for time points 1–5, and another straight line represents that for time points 5–11. What changes in synthesis occur at the end of cleavage, at time point 5
?
The
rate of
DNA synthesis decreases, and RNA synthesis begins.
The rate of DNA synthesis increases, and RNA synthesis begins.
The rate of DNA synthesis does not change, but the rate of RNA synthesis increases.
The rates of both DNA synthesis and RNA synthesis decrease.Slide28
The researchers hypothesized that the toxin increases diffusion of thymidine into the embryos. What was their reasoning?
The
rate of RNA synthesis is much higher with the toxin than without the toxin, suggesting that more thymidine was available to the embryo.
The
rates of DNA synthesis are the same with and without
the
toxin, so the likely explanation is that the DNA is
labeled
more extensively due to a greater uptake of the labeled thymidine.
The
rate of DNA synthesis is much higher with the toxin than without the toxin, suggesting that more thymidine was available to the embryo.
Much
higher amounts of thymidine are seen with the toxin than without the toxin, but
uridine
levels are about the same with the toxin and without the toxin
.Slide29
The researchers hypothesized that the toxin increases diffusion of thymidine into the embryos. What was their reasoning?
The
rate of RNA synthesis is much higher with the toxin than without the toxin, suggesting that more thymidine was available to the embryo.
The
rates of DNA synthesis are the same with and without the toxin, so the likely explanation is that the DNA is labeled more extensively due to a greater uptake of the labeled thymidine.
The
rate of DNA synthesis is much higher with the toxin than without the toxin, suggesting that more thymidine was available to the embryo.
Much
higher amounts of thymidine are seen with the toxin than without the toxin, but
uridine
levels are about the same with the toxin and without the toxin
.Slide30
Do the data support the hypothesis that the timing of the end of cleavage depends on counting cell divisions?
No
, because the toxin's blockage of cell division does not affect the timing of the end of cleavage.
Yes
, because the toxin's blockage of cell division causes cleavage to continue indefinitely.
Yes
, because the toxin's blockage of cell division lengthens the duration of cleavage.
No
, because the toxin's blockage of cell division lengthens the duration of cleavage but does not cause cleavage to continue indefinitely
.Slide31
Do the data support the hypothesis that the timing of the end of cleavage depends on counting cell divisions?
No
, because the toxin's blockage of cell division does not affect the timing of the end of cleavage.
Yes
, because the toxin's blockage of cell division causes cleavage to continue indefinitely.
Yes
, because the toxin's blockage of cell division lengthens the duration of cleavage.
No
, because the toxin's blockage of cell division lengthens the duration of cleavage but does not cause cleavage to continue indefinitely
.Slide32
What do these results indicate about the timing of the end of cleavage?
The
end of cleavage depends on the number of cell divisions, but this number changes when the block to
polyspermy
is disrupted.
The
end of cleavage depends on the nucleus-to-cytoplasm ratio.
The
end of cleavage depends on the number of cell divisions.
The
end of cleavage depends on the number of nuclei present in each cell
.Slide33
What do these results indicate about the timing of the end of cleavage?
The
end of cleavage depends on the number of cell divisions, but this number changes when the block to
polyspermy
is disrupted.
The
end of cleavage depends on the nucleus-to-cytoplasm ratio.
The
end of cleavage depends on the number of cell divisions.
The
end of cleavage depends on the number of nuclei present in each cell
.