Section 1 The First English Settlements England Seeks Colonies In the late 1500s England began to establish colonies in North America to provide markets for English products to get ID: 694960
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Slide1
Colonies Take Root
Chapter 3Slide2
Section 1
The First English SettlementsSlide3
England Seeks Colonies
In
the late
1500s
, England began to establish colonies in North
America
to
provide
markets for English products
to
get
important raw materials
The first two colonies on
Roanoke
Island failed.
1585
: Abandoned a year later
1587
:
vanished without a traceSlide4
Founding Jamestown
1607: Virginia Company of London founds Jamestown on Chesapeake
Bay.
First
permanent English settlementSlide5
Founding Jamestown
Many colonists spent their time
looking for gold instead of doing work
.
Not
enough
food for the winter
By
1608,
only 38 colonists were still aliveSlide6Slide7
Founding Jamestown
1608:
John Smith
takes
charge and draws up tough new rules.
Most important rule
“he who works not, eats not.”
Conditions improvedSlide8
Founding Jamestown
1609: John Smith
is injured and returns to England
Conditions
worsened.Slide9
Founding Jamestown
Winter 1609–1610: The “starving time”
Powhatan
refuses to supply colonists with food
By
spring of 1610:
only 60 colonists are still aliveSlide10
Jamestown Prospers
1612: Colonists planted tobacco, a crop native to the Americas
Tobacco
was a source of
income.
By
the
1620s
,
farmers were selling all the tobacco they could grow.Slide11
Jamestown Prospers
1619:
The House of Burgesses
meets
for the first time.
Marked
the start of representative government in North AmericaSlide12
Jamestown Prospers
Summer of 1619
:
Dutch ship arrived in Virginia from West Indies
On
board were 20
enslaved AfricansSlide13
Plymouth Colony
1607–1609:
Several groups of English Separatists settled in Holland
to
separate
from the Church of England
to practice
religion in their own waySlide14
Plymouth Colony
September 1620: One group of Separatists the
Pilgrims
,
left
Holland and
landed in
Plymouth
.
Before going ashore,
41 adult Males sign the Mayflower Compact
.
It is the first document in which American colonists claimed a right to govern themselvesSlide15Slide16
Let’s Think:
Why was the Mayflower Compact important?Slide17
Let’s Think:
Why was the Mayflower Compact important?
It was the first document in which Americans claimed the right to self government.Slide18
Section 2
The New England ColoniesSlide19
The New England Colonies
Geography of New England:
Thin
, rocky soil made
farming
difficult
.
J
ust
off the
long, jagged coastline
are some of the
richest fishing grounds
in
the world.
The
long winters and short, warm summers meant that the colonists caught fewer diseases and
lived longer
than
colonists in Virginia.Slide20
Puritans in Massachusetts Bay
Who
They
Were :
People who wanted to
reform
,
not
split from
the
Church of
England
Why They Left England:
1620s
: King Charles I persecuted them. They believed their way of
life would provide an example to othersSlide21
Events
1630s
: 900 Puritans formed the
Massachusetts Bay Company
Led
by
John Winthrop
,
who was
a
respected landowner and lawyer
Established Boston and other settlements
Elected
an assembly known as the
General Court
Only
adult males of the Puritan Church
could
vote.
By
1634, 20,000 people lived in the Massachusetts Bay Colony.Slide22
New Colonies
Disagreements
about religion
led to new colonies
.
The
Puritans did not believe in
toleration
.
Roger
Williams: Believed Puritans should
split from the Church of England
and
pay Native Americans for land.
Founded
Providence, Rhode Island
and
decided that the colony would have no
established
church.Slide23
Rhode Island
Roger WilliamsSlide24
New Colonies
Anne
Hutchinson: Questioned some Puritan teachings and
was
expelled from Massachusetts
.
In 1642, she traveled to
New York State
.Slide25
New Colonies
Thomas
Hooker: Disagreed with
Puritan Leaders
.
Founded
Hartford, Connecticut
.
In 1639, colonists drew up the
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut.Slide26
Connecticut
Thomas HookerSlide27
New Colonies
John Wheelwright: Shared some of Hutchinson’s views. Founded
Exeter, New Hampshire
. In 1680, New Hampshire became a
separate colony
.Slide28
New Hampshire
John WheelwrightSlide29
Let's Think:
How was New England's environment closely related to its economy?Slide30
Let's Think:
How was New England's environment closely related to its economy?
Forests products were used in shipbuilding. Also, fishing and whaling were big industries.Slide31
Section 3
The
Middle ColoniesSlide32
Let’s Think:
What conditions in the Middle Colonies favored farming?Slide33
Let’s Think:
What conditions in the Middle Colonies favored farming?
The climate was warm and the soil was fertile.Slide34
New York
Began as a Dutch colony named
New Netherland
Economically successful because of farming and the fur trade.
Swedish, French, Portuguese, and English settlers were hostile to Dutch rule.
Tension between England and Holland because they were rivals at
trade
New Netherland separated
England’s northern colonies
from its colonies farther south.
In 1664,
King Charles II
gave New Netherland to his brother
James, the Duke of York
.
New Netherland became
New York
, and New Amsterdam became
New York City.Slide35
New Jersey
Colony was established in
1665
when southern New York was split off to form a new colony.
New Jersey began as a
proprietary
colony, but in 1702,
it became a royal colony.Slide36
Pennsylvania
Founder:
William Penn
Granted a charter from
King Charles II
in
1681
Offered religious freedom to
Quakers
Penn’s “holy experiment”:
to create a colony in which people from different religious backgrounds could live peacefully
In 1682, Penn’s Frame of Government for Pennsylvania granted the colony an elected assembly and
freedom of
religionSlide37
Economy
:
Called America’s breadbasket because
it produced so much wheat
Diversity:
Many settlers in the backcountry were
Scotch-Irish (non-English)
Germans described themselves as
Deutsch
and became known as the
Pennsylvania DutchSlide38
Delaware
First European settlers were
Swedish
.
Penn’s charter included Delaware, but Delaware settlers did not want to send delegates to a distant assembly.
In 1704,
Delaware became a separate colony
.Slide39
Section 4
The Southern ColoniesSlide40
The Southern Colonies
States south of the Mason-Dixon line included
Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia
.
Geography: coastal area called the Tidewater
Why the Mason-Dixon line became important:
after the American Revolution, it was the dividing line between northern states where slavery was abolished and southern states persistedSlide41
Let’s Think:
What conditions favored the development of a plantation economy?Slide42
Let’s Think:
What conditions favored the development of a plantation economy?
The climate provided a long growing season that farmers used to raise tobacco and rice. Both of these crops required many workers in the field.Slide43
Virginia
1640 to 1670: The number of settlers
grew from 10,000 to 40,000
1607 to 1675: The number of Native Americans
shrank from 8,000 to 2,000
Wealthy farmers bought most of the good farmland near the coast.
Poor colonists
moved inland and fought Native Americans over farmland
Bacon’s Rebellion:
Nathaniel Bacon led an attack on Native Americans and burned Jamestown. After Bacon died, the governor hanged 23 followers, but did not stop settlers from taking Native American lands Slide44
Maryland
1632: George Calvert set up a colony where Catholics could live safely
Tensions grew between
Catholic and Protestant settlers
1649: Lord Baltimore helped pass the
Act of Toleration
It welcomed all Christians and gave
all adult male Christians the right to vote and hold office
. It was an important step toward
religious toleration in North America
.Slide45
Carolinas
1663: Settlers from Virginia moved south beyond the colonies borders and King Charles II granted a charter for a new colony to be established there
North Carolina grew slowly because
it lacked harbors and rivers for ships
. Settlers produced
tobacco
and
lumber
.
South Carolina grew quickly. Settlers produced
sugar
and
rice
, crops that depended on
slave labor
.Slide46
Georgia
Founded because:
England feared Spain was expanding its Florida colony northward.
James Oglethorpe
and other wealthy Englishmen wanted a colony that would protect debtors from imprisonment.Slide47
Change in the Southern Colonies
1700s
: The Southern Colonies developed two distinct ways of life .Slide48
The Tidewater Region
Economy dominated by
plantations
A society of
slaveholders
and enslaved.
Divided
wealthy people
from
poor people
, who lived in the backcountry.Slide49
The Backcountry
Cut off from the coast by
poor roads and long distance
Women and girls
worked the fields with men and boys.
People believed that the colonial government
did not care about them
.Slide50
Section 5
Spanish Colonies on the BorderlandsSlide51
Spanish Florida and St. Augustine
Built in 1565
Why Founded: Spain feared that France might take over the area
Why It’s Important:
First permanent European Settlement in the United States
In 1693: To weaken English colonies, Spanish offered protection and land to enslaved Africans who escaped to Florida and helped defend the colonySlide52
Spanish Colonies on the Borderlands
The borderlands began in the east with
Florida
. Farther west, they included most of Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Colorado, Utah, Nevada, and California.Slide53
New Mexico
Why Founded: Juan de
Oñate
came to New Mexico to do three things
find gold, convert Native Americans, and establish a permanent colony
.
Why It’s Important:
Santa Fe
became the first permanent settlement in the region.
Oñate
used Native Americans to
look after horses
. When some Native Americans ran away, they spread the skill of horseback riding from one Native American group to another.
1680: Native Americans drove out the Spanish who did not return for 10 yearsSlide54
Spanish Missions Texas and Arizona:
Father
Eusebio
Francisco Kino spread Catholicism and built missions.
The only early mission to take root in Texas was 150 miles north of the
Rio Grande
and became the city of
San AntonioSlide55
Spanish Missions California coast:
Spain began colonizing California in
1769.
Missionary
Junipero
Serra led the effort. His first mission eventually became the city of
San Diego.
Other missions were in San Francisco and
Los Angeles.
Between 1769 and 1800: Spanish founded almost 20 missionsSlide56
Life in Spanish Missions
Positive Aspects
Negative Aspects
Native Americans did not have
control over their own lives
Missionaries punished them if they violated mission rules
The population fell because of poor living conditions.
Native Americans were not overworked.
They worked
5-8
hours per day and
5-6
days per week
and did not work on Sundays or holidays.Slide57
Let's Think:
Compare and contrast the experience of Native Americans in Spanish settlements and in English colonies.Slide58
Let's Think:
Compare and contrast the experience of Native Americans in Spanish settlements and in English colonies.
The Spanish made the Native Americans workers in their colonies. The English pushed Native Americans off their lands to build colonies.