Muscles of Swallowing Muscles of Swallowing The anterior portion of the neck is divided into the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscle groups Muscles of Swallowing The anterior portion of the neck is divided into the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscle groups ID: 672278
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Slide1
Muscles of the Anterior Neck, Throat & Vertebral ColumnSlide2
Muscles of SwallowingSlide3
Muscles of Swallowing
The anterior portion of the neck is divided into the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscle groups.
Slide4
Muscles of Swallowing
The anterior portion of the neck is divided into the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscle groups.
The suprahyoid muscles pull the hyoid bone upward and forward causing the pharynx to widen. This also leads to the epiglottis closing the trachea preventing choking.Slide5
Muscles of Swallowing
The anterior portion of the neck is divided into the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscle groups.
The suprahyoid muscles pull the hyoid bone upward and forward causing the pharynx to widen. This also leads to the epiglottis closing the trachea preventing choking.
The infrahyoid muscles return the hyoid bone and larynx to their original position.
Slide6
Muscles of Swallowing
The
Digastric
muscle consists of two bellies united by a tendon forming a “V” shape.
Its origins are on the lower margin of the mandible (anterior belly) and mastoid process of the temporal bone (posterior belly). They insert on the hyoid bone.
Slide7
Muscles of Swallowing
(Suprahyoid Group)
The
Digastric
muscle consists of two bellies united by a tendon forming a “V” shape.
Its origins are on the lower margin of the mandible (anterior belly) and mastoid process of the temporal bone (posterior belly). They insert on the hyoid bone.
The action of the Digastric muscles are to open the mouth and assist in swallowing.
Slide8
Muscles of Swallowing
(Suprahyoid Group)Slide9
.
Mylohyoid
Anterior
belly
Posterior
belly
Stylohyoid
(cut)
Thyrohyoid
Thyroid cartilage
of the larynx
Median raphe
Sternothyroid
Stylohyoid
Hyoid bone
Omohyoid
(superior belly)
Sternohyoid
Sternocleido-
mastoid
Omohyoid
(inferior belly)
Digastric
Thyroid gland
(a)Slide10
Muscles of Swallowing
(Suprahyoid Group)
The
Stylohyoid
lies just below the angle of the jaw and parallels the posterior Digastric muscle.Slide11
Muscles of Swallowing
(Suprahyoid Group)
The
Stylohyoid
lies just below the angle of the jaw and parallels the posterior Digastric muscle.
Its origin is on the styloid process and it inserts on the hyoid bone.Slide12
Muscles of Swallowing
(Suprahyoid Group)
The
Stylohyoid
lies just below the angle of the jaw and parallels the posterior Digastric muscle.
Its origin is on the styloid process and it inserts on the hyoid bone.
It helps to elevate the hyoid.Slide13
Muscles of Swallowing
(Suprahyoid Group)
The
Mylohyoid
is a flat triangular muscle and helps to form the floor of the mouth. Its origin is on the medial surface of the mandible and it inserts on the hyoid and median
raphe
.
Its action is to elevate the hyoid and floor of the mouth during swallowing pushing food into the pharynx.Slide14
Mylohyoid
Anterior
belly
Posterior
belly
Stylohyoid
(cut)
Thyrohyoid
Thyroid cartilage
of the larynx
Median raphe
Sternothyroid
Stylohyoid
Hyoid bone
Omohyoid
(superior belly)
Sternohyoid
Sternocleido-
mastoid
Omohyoid
(inferior belly)
Digastric
Thyroid gland
(a)Slide15
Muscles of Swallowing
(Suprahyoid Group)
The
Geniohyoid
is a narrow muscle that runs with the Genioglossus muscle medially. Its origin is on the inner surface of the mandible and it inserts on the hyoid.
Its action is pull the hyoid superiorly and anteriorly.Slide16
Tongue
Styloid process
Styloglossus
Hyoglossus
Stylohyoid
Hyoid bone
Thyrohyoid
Genioglossus
Mandibular
symphysis
Geniohyoid
Thyroid cartilage
(c)Slide17
Muscles of Swallowing
(Infrahyoid Group)
The
Sternohyoid
muscle is the most medial muscle of the neck. Its origin is on the manubrium and clavicle. It inserts on the lower margin of the hyoid.
Its action is to depress the larynx and hyoid bone if the mandible is fixed.Slide18
Mylohyoid
Anterior
belly
Posterior
belly
Stylohyoid
(cut)
Thyrohyoid
Thyroid cartilage
of the larynx
Median raphe
Sternothyroid
Stylohyoid
Hyoid bone
Omohyoid
(superior belly)
Sternohyoid
Sternocleido-
mastoid
Omohyoid
(inferior belly)
Digastric
Thyroid gland
(a)Slide19
Muscles of Swallowing
(Infrahyoid Group)
The
Sternothyroid
muscle lies lateral and deep to the Sternohyoid. Its origin is on the manubrium of the sternum and it inserts on the thyroid cartilage.
Its action is to pull the larynx and hyoid inferiorly.Slide20
Muscles of Swallowing
(Infrahyoid Group)Slide21
Muscles of Swallowing
(Infrahyoid Group)
The
Omothyroid
muscle is strap like with two bellies connected to a tendon. It is lateral to the Sternohyoid.
Its origin is on the superior surface of the scapula and it inserts on the hyoid bone.
Its action is to depress the hyoid.Slide22
Muscles of Swallowing
(Infrahyoid Group)Slide23
Mylohyoid
Anterior
belly
Posterior
belly
Stylohyoid
(cut)
Thyrohyoid
Thyroid cartilage
of the larynx
Median raphe
Sternothyroid
Stylohyoid
Hyoid bone
Omohyoid
(superior belly)
Sternohyoid
Sternocleido-
mastoid
Omohyoid
(inferior belly)
Digastric
Thyroid gland
(a)Slide24
Muscles of Swallowing
(Infrahyoid Group)
The
Thyrohyoid
muscle appears as a continuation of the Sternohyoid. Its origin is on the thyroid cartilage and it inserts on the hyoid.
Its action is to depress the hyoid bone or elevates the larynx is the hyoid is fixed..Slide25
Mylohyoid
Anterior
belly
Posterior
belly
Stylohyoid
(cut)
Thyrohyoid
Thyroid cartilage
of the larynx
Median raphe
Sternothyroid
Stylohyoid
Hyoid bone
Omohyoid
(superior belly)
Sternohyoid
Sternocleido-
mastoid
Omohyoid
(inferior belly)
Digastric
Thyroid gland
(a)Slide26
Platysma (cut)
Sternocleidomastoid
(cut)
Internal jugular vein
Omohyoid
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Sternocleidomastoid
Pectoralis major
(c)Slide27
Muscles of the Neck and Vertebral Column
The muscles which move the head originate from the axial skeleton.
The major prime flexors are the Sternocleidomastoid muscles with help from the supra hyoid and infrahyoid muscle groups.
The muscles of the back are deep muscles, the largest group being the erector spinae.Slide28
Muscles of the Neck and Vertebral Column
The
Sternocleidomastoid
muscle is a prominent, two headed muscle that lies deep to the Platysma. It serves as the anatomical marker between the anterior and posterior portions of the neck.
Its origins are on the sternum and clavicle and its insertion is on the mastoid.
It fixes and laterally rotates the head Slide29
Muscles of the Neck and Vertebral Column
Spasms of the Sternocleidomastoid muscle cause toricollis (wryneck) also known as a stiff neck.Slide30
1st cervical
vertebra
Sternocleido
-
mastoid
(a) Anterior
Base of
occipital bone
Middle
scalene
Anterior
scalene
Posterior
scalene
Mastoid
processSlide31
Muscles of the Neck and Vertebral Column
The
Scalenes
muscle group are located more laterally on the neck. They are three muscles that run deep to the Sternocleidomastoid muscle.
Their origin is on the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae and the insert anterolaterally on the first two ribs.
Their action is to elevate the first two ribs and flex and to rotate the neck.Slide32
Muscles of the Neck and Vertebral ColumnSlide33
Muscles of the Neck and Vertebral Column
Scalenes pain
develop trigger points (TPs) that can cause pain to refer into the chest, to the medial border of the scapula, into the shoulder, down the posterior and lateral sides of the arm to the thumb and index finger.
The results cause a compression or irritation to blood vessels and nerves running through them.
This can cause symptoms such as paresthesia, anesthesia, coldness, claudication, and lymphedema in the involved extremity.Slide34
1st cervical
vertebra
Sternocleido
-
mastoid
(a) Anterior
Base of
occipital bone
Middle
scalene
Anterior
scalene
Posterior
scalene
Mastoid
processSlide35
Muscles of the Neck and Vertebral Column
The
Splenius
muscle is a two part, superficial muscle that extend from the upper thoracic vertebrae to the skull. It is some times called the “bandage muscle” because it covers the deeper muscles of the neck.
It originates on the ligamentum nuchae (a strong elastic ligament on the vertebrae) and inserts on the mastoid process and occipital bone of the skull.
It hyper extends the headSlide36
.
Splenius
capitis
Spinous
processes
of the
vertebrae
Splenius
cervicis
Mastoid process
(b) PosteriorSlide37
Muscles of the Neck and Vertebral Column
The
Erector spinae
are the prime movers for back extension. This is a complex muscle group with three divisions. They are
The iliocostalis
The longissimus
The spinalis
Slide38
Muscles of the Neck and Vertebral Column
Together
Erector spinae
provide resistance when flexion is occurring.
The process of extension occur with the hamstrings and gluteal muscles then the erector spinae.Slide39
Muscles of the Neck and Vertebral Column
The
Iliocostalis
is the most lateral group, it originates on the iliac crest and inferior six ribs. It inserts on the angles of the rigs and transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae. Its action is to extend and laterally flex the vertebral column.Slide40
Muscles of the Neck and Vertebral ColumnSlide41
Semispinalis
capitis
Semispinalis
cervicis
Multifidus
Quadratus
lumborum
Semispinalis
thoracis
Longissimus capitis
Iliocostalis
cervicis
Longissimus
cervicis
Iliocostalis
thoracis
Longissimus thoracis
Spinalis thoracis
Iliocostalis
lumborum
External oblique
Iliocostalis
Longissimus
Erector
spinae
Spinalis
Ligamentum
nuchae
(d)Slide42
Muscles of the Neck and Vertebral Column
The
Longissimus
is the intermediate group, it consists of many muscle slips from the lumber region to the skull. It originates on the transverse processes of the lumbar up through the cervical vertebrae. It inserts on the transverse processes of the thoracic and cervical vertebrae.
Its action is to extend and laterally flex the vertebral column, the upper portion extends the head.Slide43
Muscles of the Neck and Vertebral ColumnSlide44
Semispinalis
capitis
Semispinalis
cervicis
Multifidus
Quadratus
lumborum
Semispinalis
thoracis
Longissimus capitis
Iliocostalis
cervicis
Longissimus
cervicis
Iliocostalis
thoracis
Longissimus thoracis
Spinalis thoracis
Iliocostalis
lumborum
External oblique
Iliocostalis
Longissimus
Erector
spinae
Spinalis
Ligamentum
nuchae
(d)Slide45
Muscles of the Neck and Vertebral Column
The
Spinalis group
is the medial group. It originates on the spinous processes of the lumbar thoracic vertebrae. It inserts on the spinous processes of the thoracic and cervical vertebrae.
Its action is to extend the vertebral column.Slide46
Muscles of the Neck and Vertebral ColumnSlide47
Semispinalis
capitis
Semispinalis
cervicis
Multifidus
Quadratus
lumborum
Semispinalis
thoracis
Longissimus capitis
Iliocostalis
cervicis
Longissimus
cervicis
Iliocostalis
thoracis
Longissimus thoracis
Spinalis thoracis
Iliocostalis
lumborum
External oblique
Iliocostalis
Longissimus
Erector
spinae
Spinalis
Ligamentum
nuchae
(d)Slide48
Muscles of the Neck and Vertebral Column
The
Semispinalis group
extends from the thoracic region to the head. It originates on the transverse processes of the thoracic vertebrae. It inserts on the occipital bone of the skull and on the spinous processes of the cervical vertebrae..
There are two groups the thoracis and the capitis group.
Its action is to extend the vertebral column and rotate the head to the opposite side..Slide49
Muscles of the Neck and Vertebral ColumnSlide50
Semispinalis
capitis
Semispinalis
cervicis
Multifidus
Quadratus
lumborum
Semispinalis
thoracis
Longissimus capitis
Iliocostalis
cervicis
Longissimus
cervicis
Iliocostalis
thoracis
Longissimus thoracis
Spinalis thoracis
Iliocostalis
lumborum
External oblique
Iliocostalis
Longissimus
Erector
spinae
Spinalis
Ligamentum
nuchae
(d)Slide51
Muscles of the Neck and Vertebral Column
The
Quadratus lumborum
forms the posterior part of the abdominal wall. It originates on the iliac crest. It inserts on the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae up to the 12
th
rib.
Its action is to flex the vertebral column laterally, assists in maintaining an upright posture and used in forced respiration..Slide52
Muscles of the Neck and Vertebral ColumnSlide53
Semispinalis
capitis
Semispinalis
cervicis
Multifidus
Quadratus
lumborum
Semispinalis
thoracis
Longissimus capitis
Iliocostalis
cervicis
Longissimus
cervicis
Iliocostalis
thoracis
Longissimus thoracis
Spinalis thoracis
Iliocostalis
lumborum
External oblique
Iliocostalis
Longissimus
Erector
spinae
Spinalis
Ligamentum
nuchae
(d)Slide54
Muscles of the Neck and Vertebral Column
Stretching The Quadratus Lumborum To Relieve Lower Back Stiffness