Session 2 Strategies to improve English Pronunciation By Ruth Wickham Training Fellow IPGKDRI Speak clearly to be understood Incorrect stress can cause misunderstanding just as much as incorrect sounds ID: 465358
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Slide1
Stretch and Stress
Session 2: Strategies to improve English Pronunciation
By Ruth Wickham, Training Fellow, IPGKDRISlide2
Speak clearly to be understood
Incorrect stress
can cause misunderstanding just as much as incorrect sounds.Slide3
Stress and Unstress
What does STRESS sound like?
Louder
Longer
HigherSlide4
er
ar
or
ure
/
ə/
a
e
i
o
u
teach
er
coll
ar
doct
or
meas
ure
zebr
a
gard
e
n
foss
i
l
li
o
n
circ
u
s
What does UNSTRESS sound like?Slide5
Secret Weapon for Practising Stress!
OK let’s learn!Slide6
Words with 2 syllablesSlide7
Stress on the
1st
syllable:
MOST 2-syllable
nouns
and
adjectives
have stress on the
first
syllable.
BUT
ter
SAND
wichSlide8
Stress on the
LAST Syllable
MOST 2-syllable
verbs
have stress on the
LAST
syllable.
di
VIDE
re
CEIVESlide9
Word Stress that Changes
Some 2 syllable words change stress
depending on whether they are used as an adjective or a noun,
or a verb.Slide10
address
combat
compound
conduct
content
decrease
desert
export
frequent
insult
object
perfect
permit
present
protest
transport
These are called heteronymsSlide11
Rules for Longer Words:
Stress is attracted to certain syllables:
-
ic
-
sion
-
xion
The stress falls on the syllable just before ...
-
cion
-
tionSlide12
calculation decision
reaction
solution distribution operation
relation association
So where is the stress?Slide13
calculation decision
reaction
solution distribution operation
relation association
So where is the stress?Slide14
What is the pattern here?
economic terrific
strategic logic
pathogenic domestic
metabolic statisticSlide15
What is the pattern here?
eco
nom
ic
ter
rif
ic
stra
teg
ic
log
ic
patho
gen
ic
do
mest
ic
meta
bol
ic
sta
tist
icSlide16
Where is the stress?
biology biological
policy political
geography geographical
university
managerial
photography photographical
society sociological
technology technological
electricity electricalSlide17
Where is the stress?
bi
o
logy bio
lo
gical
po
licy po
li
tical
ge
o
graphy geo
gra
phical
uni
ver
sity
mana
ger
ial
pho
to
graphy photo
graph
ical
so
ci
ety socio
log
ical
tech
no
logy techno
lo
gical
elec
tri
city e
lect
rical
Rule for the left column?Slide18
What do they have in common?
bi
o
logy
po
licy
ge
o
graphy uni
ver
sity
pho
to
graphy so
ci
ety
tech
no
logy elec
tri
city
And where is the stress?Slide19
“3
rd
Last” Rule:
For words that end in consonant + y
-cy
-
ty
-
gy
-
phy
-
fy
Stress falls on the third last syllable.
* not -
lySlide20
More examples
quality
democracy
allergy
atrophy
clarify
equality
archaeology
choreographySlide21
Another “3
rd
Last” Rule:
In words that end in
-
ise
/ -
ize
-ate
stress falls on the
3
rd
last syllable.Slide22
Some –
ise / ize
examples:accessorise acclimatise
advertise globalise
agonise anesthetise anodise antagonise
apologise brutalise
computerise idolise
dehumanise
mobilise
legalise magnetise
organise dramatise emphasise energiseepitomise fantasise fertilise finalise Slide23
Some –ate examples
generate certificate passionategraduate advocate separateappropriate estimate associateconcentrate illustrate participate
immediate corporate chocolatenegotiate communicate accommodateadvocate anticipate delegateSome of these are heteronymsSlide24
Secondary
StressLong words have a second stressed syllable, with weaker stress.Slide25
Secondary Stress Example
as-SOC-i-A-tionPrimary stress
Secondary stressSlide26
Revision:
2 syllable nouns/adjectives: stress penultimate syllable (2
nd
last).
(many exceptions)
2 syllable verbs: stress ultimate (last) syllable.
(most)
Stress before –
ic
Stress before –
tion
(-
sion
, -
cion
, -
xion
)
Stress on ante-penultimate syllable (3
rd
last) for words that end in:
consonant plus y, (not –
ly
)
-
ise
(/-
ize
),
-ateSlide27
That wasn’t so hard now, was it?Slide28
Contact
Ruth Wickham: ruth.wickham@gmail.com
Website: http://ktf2012.weebly.com