What are joints Jointsplaces where two bones articulate or come together The human body contains three types of joints Fibrous Cartilaginous Synovial Fibrous Joints Found where bones have close contact with each other ID: 774883
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Slide1
Joints, Movement and Injuries
Slide2What are joints?
Joints-places where two bones articulate or come together.
The human body contains three types of joints:
Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial
Slide3Fibrous JointsFound where bones have close contact with each other. Connective tissue found between the jointLittle to no movementEx. Found between the sutures of the skull
Slide4Cartilaginous jointsFound where shock absorption occurs.Hyaline cartilage or fibro-cartilage found between the joint.Limited movement, twisting and bending.Found between the vertebrae, sternum to ribs andpubis bone.
Slide5Synovial JointsMost of the joints in the skeletal systemare synovial joints which allow free movement.Includes hyaline cartilage, connective tissue, synovial membrane and fluid and bursa.Classified into six categories: Ball and Socket, Hinge, Saddle, Condylar (ellipsoid), Pivot and Plane (gliding)
Slide6Types of Synovial Joints Based on Shape
Slide 5.52a
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 5.29a–c
Slide7Types of Synovial Joints Based on Shape
Slide 5.52b
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 5.29d–f
Slide81. Ball-and-Socket jointBall shaped head of one bone connects to cup-shaped cavity of another.Allows circular motion and motion in all planes.Hip and shoulder
Slide92. Condylar joint (ellipsoid)Oval shaped condyle fits into an elliptical cavity of another.Variety of movements in different planes but not rotational.(twisting)Metacarpals connection with the phalanges.
Slide103. Plane JointsFlat and curved surfaces connect.Allows sliding and gliding motion.Bones of wrist and ankle.
Slide114. Hinge JointConvex surface of one bone connects toconcave surface ofanother.Movement in one plane. (like a door)Elbow, knee and phalanges.
Slide125. Pivot jointCylindrical surface of one bone rotates within a ring formed of bone and ligament.Movement around a central axis-rotation.Atlas (the Greek god who supported the world on hisshoulders) and axis in cervical vertebrae. Radius/ulna and atlas/axis
Slide136. Saddle jointConnect bones with convex and concave surfaces.Variety of movements in two planes.Bones at carpal and metacarpal of thumb.
Slide14Slide15Disorders of joints
Injuries
Sprains
Dislocations
Torn cartilage
Inflammatory and degenerative conditions
Bursitis
Tendinitis
Arthritis
Osteoarthritis (“DJD” – degenerative joint disease)
Rheumatoid arthritis (one of many “autoimmune”
arthritites
)
Gout (crystal
arthropathy
)
Septic arthritis-bacterial infection