presentation and evidentiality in TV news News presentation two levels phases of presentation the programme itself the product of the institution semiotic ID: 218333
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Slide1
News presentation and evidentiality in TV newsSlide2
News presentationtwo
levels
/
phases
of
presentation
:
the
programme
itself
: the
product
of
the
institution
semiotic
,
visual
aspects
in opening
sequence
of
signature
graphics
, logo,
images
of
NPs
, studio
verbal
:
headlines
the item (
kernel
)
of
the NP, the
representative
of
the
institutionSlide3
From transmission to
communication
Evolution
of
the news
bulletin
from
a
concern
with
the
t
ransmission
of
news/a
message
to
a
concern
with
the
communication
of
news/a
message
news
reader
-
previous
formats
reads
with
no
distractions
from
the
message
,
thus
:
lack
of
background
head and
shoulders
frame
only
one
person
at a
time
no
extraneous
or
spontaneous
comments
no
personalisationSlide4
Also consistent
with
this
conception
of
the news :
Irregular
nomination
of
reporter in the
field
and
his
/
her
location
Lack
of
an
obvious
studio
space
/
place
Slide5
Space of the studio
Visual
and
verbal
references
to
geographical
position
Signalled
iconically
Newsroom
as
background
Proximal
and
distal
deixis
Site
of
enunciation
Discourse
of
headlinesSlide6
Mode of address
Autocue
,
teleprompter
allowed
direct
relationship
with
audience
with
eye
contact
Qualitatively
different
from
direct
address
Not
grounded
in
reciprocity
Parasocial
interaction
the
frame
is
established
through
direct
greetingsSlide7
The turn to communication
Developments
in
technology
Recognition
of
potential
,
self-awareness
Shifting
of
focus
from
transmission
to
communication
of
message
PR
firms
engaged
to
re-vamp
institutional
images
Communicative
skills
and personal
qualities
of
NPs
and studio,
which
represent
the
institution
More
relaxed
and
informal
presentation
,
personalisation
,
consistent
with
growing
self-referentialitySlide8
BBC logo 1987Slide9
ITV Studio 1992-99Slide10
ITV studio 2005Slide11
ITV studio Trevor and Julie 2008Slide12
ITV studio 2010Slide13
Markers which indicate
The
kind
of
evidence
one
has
for
making
factual
claims
The
indication
of
the nature
of
the
evidence
for
a
given
statement
Knowledge
of
the source and
comittment
to
the
truth
of
a
propositionSlide14
Choices Attribution
of
a
proposition
to
another
person
or voice
is
a
kind
of
evidentiality
– x
says
y
Witness
–
I
was
there
, I
saw
y
Secondhand
or
hearsay
–
attributes
to
other
witnesses
,
the
neighbours
reported
hearing
a
Sensory-
I
felt
,
it
seemed
,
it
looked
as
if
,
it
sounded
like
Inferential
, -
clues
and
indicationsSlide15
ModalityUse
of
simple
present
or
past
:
Use
of
present
perfect
:
Use
of
modals
:Slide16
VisualsVisuals can
be
live or
archive
(some
archive
footage
is
a
shorthand
to
illustrate
institutional
or social
situations
the
viewer
is
meant
to
recognise
)
They
can back up the
verbal
text
basically
showing
what
is
being
said
they
can
juxtapose
archive
footage
and
they
can
add
impressions
without
explicitly
making
a
pointSlide17
Post production editingThe more a channel
takes
pains
to
edit
and
compile,
the more
they
seem
to
be
evaluating
the news
as
important
(
worth
making
the
effort
)Slide18
VoicesSome sources
are
given
live camera
footage
or are
interviewed
on
screen
Some are
given
still
photos
Some just
their
words
on the
screen
Some
have
their
words
paraphrased
or
summarised
by
the NP
You
need
to
think
about
the
effects
of
such
choicesSlide19
InteractionSometimes
we
hear
the
question
and
see
the
participants
together
Sometimes
we
just
hear
the
answer
Answers
usually
depend
on
questions