The Colonial Era Chapters 2 & 3 - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

The Colonial Era

Chapters 2 & 3Slide2

Why did Europeans come to the Americas?

The 3 G’s of Exploration:

God – spread Christianity Gold – and other resources like silver & spices; also wealth & new markets for goods Glory – adventure, fame, and powerSlide3

Explorers & settlers from…

England

Denmark

The NetherlandsFrancePortugal RussiaSpainThink about it: Which groups settled in what is today the United States?Who came to the Americas?Slide4

Reading Activity:

(

15

mins.)Read the Section Summary about the French EmpireHighlight and/or underline the 5 most important facts from the section.Answer the

4

questions on the handout.

Be prepared to share your work.

Just so you know:

hinterland -remote or less developed parts of a country

What about France?Slide5

What does that mean?

charter

– certificate of permission

joint-stock company – business plan founded & run by a group of people who invest in the plan & share any money made (or lost)The English ColoniesDelaware’s original royal charterSlide6

Two Main Types of Colonies:

Royal

– under the direct control of the Crown (monarch of England)

Proprietary – belonged to wealthy individuals or companies The English ColoniesSlide7

1st

English colony: Roanoke

Sir Walter Raleigh

island in Virginia (today NC coast)twice settled & failedWhy?ships had trouble landingsandy, infertile soilThe English ColoniesSlide8

Colony Chart Activity

(part 1)

:

On your own paper, create the chart (use the full page for your chart)Read pages 45-49 Complete your chart for ONLY the following colonies:VirginiaMarylandGeorgia

You may work with

ONE

partner (if you like)

The English Colonies

Southern Colonies

Maryland

Virginia

North Carolina

South Carolina

Georgia Slide9

Date founded:

1607 (1

st

proprietary, 1624 royal) Founder/Group: Virginia CompanyReasons for Settlement: gain wealth for England and help with England’s population growthSignificant Facts:Jamestown (1607)Powhatan & Indian landsJohn Smith John Rolfe & Pocahontas tobacco cultivationHouse of Burgesses (1619) Bacon’s Rebellion (1676)

VirginiaSlide10

Jamestown

Reasons for Struggle

Reasons for Success/Growth

Disease especially Malaria from mosquitoes in swampsHunger colonists too weakened by disease to farmWar with Indians under Powhatan’s leadership

Stake in the land

colonists

owned and worked their own land

Tobacco Cultivation

led by John Rolfe, wealth for England

Free Land

got 50 acres if your paid for your passage (or someone else’s)Slide11

Think about it…

What was the purpose of the House of Burgesses?

representative body – people could make lawsWho could participate in it? male landowners over 17 yearsWhat powers did it have? make laws and make taxes What legacy/trend did it start? colonists making decisions for themselvesVirginia’s House of Burgesses Slide12

Bacon’s Rebellion

Causes

EventsForced onto less fertile lands in interior b/c of population growthWar w/ IndiansGov. William Berkeley taxed heavily & gave money to wealthy Berkeley would not let settlers attack all IndiansSettlers led by Nathaniel Bacon rebelled (1676) – burned Jamestown

Bacon died & rebellion ended

Significance:

showed poorer farmers would not put up w/ a gov’t that only helped wealthy

Slide13

Date founded:

1632 (proprietary colony)

Founder/Group:

Lord Baltimore Reasons for Settlement: create a refuge (safe place) for Catholics who were discriminated againstSignificant Facts:More Protestants settled hereMarylandSlide14

Date founded:

1732 (proprietary colony)

Founder/Group:

James Oglethorpe Reasons for Settlement: create a buffer to protect S. Carolina against Spanish Florida Significant Facts:Last of the 13 coloniesSet up as a haven for English debtorsBecause of Oglethorpe’s strict rules, it became royal colony in 1752Georgia Slide15

Colony Chart Activity

(part 2)

:

Read pages 50-52 Complete your chart for ONLY the following colonies:Massachusetts (2 settlements)Rhode IslandYou may work with ONE partner (if you like)

The English Colonies

New England Colonies

New Hampshire

Massachusetts

Connecticut

Rhode IslandSlide16

Plymouth

Plymouth

Date founded:

1620 Founder/Group: Pilgrims – William Bradford Reason for Settlement: religious freedom

Significant Facts:

Mayflower Compact 1620 – doc. that established self-government Slide17

Massachusetts

Bay

Date founded:

1630 Founder/Group: Puritans – John WinthropReason for Settlement: religious freedom, create an ideal societySignificant Facts:Elected own governor – only ones that did soBoston Slide18

Created by 1662 by New England Puritans

Form of partial church membership for children and grandchildren of full members

Goal: keep current members & attract new ones

Half-Way Covenant Slide19

Date founded:

1636

Founder/Group:

Roger WilliamsReasons for Settlement: create a refuge for radical Puritans (religious dissenters)Significant Facts:Kicked out of Mass. Bay:Williams – pay Indians for land Anne Hutchinson – argued Mass. had not done enough to break from Anglican waysSeparation of church & state

Rhode Island Slide20

New England Colonies: Key Events

Salem Witch Trials

King Phillip’s WarSalem, Massachusetts1692Authorities tried, convicted, & executed 19 suspected witchesEnded when prominent citizens were accused major Indian rebellion1675Indian chief Metacom (known as “King Phillip) blamed, but multiple tribes foughtIndians defeated & lost most of remaining landSlide21

Colony Chart Activity

(part 1)

:

On your own paper, create the chart (use the full page for your chart)Read pages 45-49 Complete your chart for ONLY the following colonies:VirginiaMarylandGeorgia

You may work with

ONE

partner (if you like)

The English Colonies

Southern Colonies

Maryland

Virginia

North Carolina

South Carolina

Georgia Slide22

Colony Chart Activity

(part 2)

:

Read pages 50-52 Complete your chart for ONLY the following colonies:Massachusetts (2 settlements)Rhode IslandYou may work with ONE partner (if you like)

The English Colonies

New England Colonies

New Hampshire

Massachusetts

Connecticut

Rhode IslandSlide23

Town Hall Meetings-

conducted by local tax-paying citizens (males w/ property) to decide issues

Massachusetts Legislature-

established by local towns to provide local leadership (not just the Crown)1684 - Mass. lost its charter & a new legislature establishedMass. became a royal colony in 1691New England:Town Meetings & LegislatureSlide24

Colony Chart Activity

(part 3)

:

Read pages 55-59 Complete your chart for ONLY the following colonies:New York PennsylvaniaWork on this part INDIVIDUALLY

The English Colonies

Middle Colonies

New York

Pennsylvania

New Jersey

Delaware Slide25

Date founded:

1625, taken by English in 1664

Founder/Group:

DutchReasons for Settlement: guard the mouth of the Hudson River to protect fur trade; English wanted it to control tradeSignificant Facts:Dutch settlement – New Amsterdam later became city of New YorkTolerated other religious groupsDrew diverse group of colonists New York (New Netherland)Slide26

Date founded:

1682

Founder/Group:

William PennReasons for Settlement: debt paid to Penn by King Charles II of England; created to be a safe haven for Quakers Significant Facts:Quakers – followed “Inner Light” to understand Bible, men & women spiritually equal, pacifists, tolerated other faithsPeace w/ local Indians

Pennsylvania Slide27

Comparing the English ColoniesSlide28

New England

Middle Colonies

Southern Colonies

Comparing Regional Cultures: Economy

Small family farms (livestock & grew subsistence

crops)

small family farms

(exporting wheat

profitable)

farming – most

profitable region,

grew tobacco,

rice, indigo

(cotton by 1790s)

exported

lumber

& fish

Built ships

Trade

manufacturing

built

ships

Trade

manufacturing (glass & iron)

major ports

:

Charleston

major ports

:

Philadelphia

New York

major ports

:

BostonSlide29

New England

Middle Colonies

Southern Colonies

Comparing Regional Cultures: Societyfew African Americansmiddle

class

families who

could pay for trip

towns supported

schools = more people literate

greater economic equality

Colleges: Harvard, Yale

African American artisans

came as families

mix of towns and

small & large

farms

most ethnically &

culturally diverse

colleges: Princeton, Columbia

African American

majority in areas

poor, young,

single men –

indentured

servants

plantation

economy, slavery

population spread far apart, few schools,

higher illiteracy

$$ but economic InequalitySlide30

The Colonies Grow

TRANSPARENCY

Transparency: The Colonies GrowSlide31

Slavery in the English ColoniesSlide32

Three-part voyage called

triangular trade

Middle Passage

– forced transport of enslaved Africans from W. Africa to Americas; cramped ships, suffered inhumane treatment = 10% died(pages 68-69)The Trans-Atlantic TradeSlide33

First used indentured servants

European immigration declined by 1660s (and Bacon’s Rebellion)

First treated like

indentured servants – given freedomBy mid-1600s laws to support permanent enslavementSlavery in the ColoniesSlide34

“Tight-packing” techniqueSlide35

In NE and Middle colonies, worked in cities & could earn money to pay for freedom

D

idn’t share a culture (language or religion)

Blended African traditions to create new cultureMost adopted Christianity blended w/ some African traditionsRice cultivation led to more inhumane treatment in SC and GAAfrican-American CultureSlide36

Blending of African and European customsFood

: Rice, Sweet Potatoes (Yams) Okra, Watermelon and Grits

Architecture

: Shotgun-style housingMore Cultural ImpactSlide37

Policies in the English ColoniesSlide38

Economic:

mercantilism

– policy where a nation (mother country) gained wealth by

exporting more manufactured goods than it imported; goal: get gold & silver through tradeEngland’s Policies Toward ColoniesSlide39

England enacts the Navigation Acts to control and profit from colonial

trade

colonists were allowed to export primary crops and raw materials to England and English colonies

onlyAll goods had to be carried on English shipscolonists were required to buy manufactured goods from EnglandNew England had problems - fought the systemNavigation ActsSlide40

1684 - Mass. lost its charter

As punishment for violating

Navigation Acts

…led to Salutary Neglect – allowed colonies local self-ruleDominion of New England:Slide41

Reasons for Salutary Neglect

1. tradition of strong local government

2. lacked the resources and bureaucracy to enforce its wishes3. existing economy and politics of the colonies served British interestsSlide42

Effects of Salutary Neglect

1. Colonies prospered

2. Developed own governments and economies

BUT…Crown expected colonial cooperation with its economic policies and assistance in the empire’s wars against France and SpainSlide43

New Ideas in the English ColoniesSlide44

Enlightenment

(1600s & 1700s) –all problems could be solved using human reason; challenged old ways

Significance for Colonies:

Inspired Benjamin Franklin - scientist political statesmen, printer, and writer of American literature (Poor Richard’s Almanac)Represented social mobility & colonial spirit of individualismThe Enlightenment Slide45

Great Awakening

(mid 1700s) – religious movement that featured passionate preaching from evangelical leaders

Preachers:

Jonathan Edwards – “Sinners in the Hand of an Angry God”George Whitefield huge crowdsThe Great AwakeningGeorge Whitefield Slide46

Result

Many joined the Baptist and Methodist churches

Stressed

that personal religious experience was important in seeking salvationRejected EnlightenmentUsed emotion to urge people to repentif they could choose their religion, felt they could choose their form of governmentSlide47

France

Fur trade

(The Fur-

ench!)City of QuebecAlong St. Lawrence RiverSlide48

The French and Indian WarSlide49
Slide50

Who?

French & Indian allies v.

British/American colonists

When?1754 – 1763Why?land & resources wanted by both the British & FrenchOhio River Valley claimed by bothFrench built Fort Duquesne which angered British – start of the warThe French and Indian War: CausesSlide51

1754

attempt made by Ben Franklin to organize colonies under one government & cooperate with each other during the war

no colony accepted terms of the plan fearing the loss of their own autonomy

Albany Plan of UnionSlide52

Theater of War During the French and Indian War

Map: Theater of War During the French and Indian War

MAPSlide53

What happened?

George Washington

- 1754 assigned to remove French from Ohio

ValleyFrance won early victories against British forts Turning Pt.: British PM W. Pitt spent $$ supply army, hire mercenaries bribe natives, blockade coast defeat French in Montreal & Quebec City Result: British victory

The French and Indian WarSlide54
Slide55

Consequences of the War:

Treaty

of Paris (1763):

ended war & France lost Canada and all land in N. America western boundary Mississippi RiverThe French and Indian WarSlide56

How did the French and Indian War help lay the groundwork for the American Revolution?

British sacrifices:

lives of soldiers

money to fight warWar debt – thought colonists should help pay for cost of war (new taxes)Protecting colonists in new territories – huge additional expense French and Indian War American Revolution

After investing so much, felt they should have more control over colonies