PPT-The North Atlantic Subtropical Surface Salinity

Maximum as Observed by Aquarius Frederick Bingham 1 Julius Busecke Arnold Gordon Claudia Giulivi 2 and Zhijin Li 3 1 Center for Marine Science University of North Carolina Wilmington . isotopologues. . Guillaume Leduc . (CEREGE, France). Julian Sachs . (. University. of Washington, USA). Orest. . Kawka. . (. University. of Washington, USA. ). Ralph Schneider . (. University. of . Nandini. . Ramesh. IPCC AR5 WG1. . - Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Seminar in Atmospheric Science 21. st. February, 2014. 1. Introduction. The ocean exchanges heat, freshwater, and C with the atmosphere.. in . the . southern . Makassar Strait since 1938 C.E. and . its . influence . on. . the . Indonesian . Throughflow. Braddock K. Linsley. , Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA [. Observations: Ocean. Janice Bytheway . ATS786 . September 15, 2014. Disclaimer. I’m not an oceanographer. I took an Intro to Oceanography course once in undergrad, but that was a long time ago. . Table of Contents. Jin-Yi Yu. Department of Earth System Science. University of California, Irvine. The Two Types of ENSO. Central-Pacific . El Niño. Eastern-Pacific . El Niño. (Yu and Kao 2007; Kao and Yu 2009). Regression-EOF Method for EP/CP-ENSO. Formation and variability of North Atlantic sea surface salinity maximum in a global GCM. Tangdong. . Qu. International Pacific Research Center, SOEST, University of Hawaii. (. August. . 2. , 2010). Update on SPURS-2 (‘Fresh SPURS’) and SPURS-1 synthesis. Update from Dr. Eric Lindstrom. SPURS main question: What . is controlling the upper ocean . salinity?. Will . be addressed with interagency and international collaboration using measurements from satellites, ships, drifters, floats, gliders, AUVs and modeling.. Ocean . O. bservations . in. Support . of. Sea . S. urface Salinity . P. rocess . S. tudies.  . Gustavo Jorge Goni. Gustavo.Goni@noaa.gov. National Oceanic and Atmospheric . Administration (NOAA), . Frederick Bingham. UNC Wilmington. Collaborators: Julius . Busecke. ,. Arnold Gordon and Claudia . Giulivi. (LDEO), . Zhijin. Li (JPL). Also thanks to J. . D’Addezio. !. Work funded by NASA. Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans doi:10.1002/2014JC009825. . Introductive Physical Oceanography. This powerpoint was prepared for purposes of this lecture and course only. It contains graphics from copyrighted books and journals. Please do not use without acknowledgment of these sources.. we compare measured . salinity across . metric distributions. . In . addition to traditional comparisons . between mean or median . values, the . 1%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 90% and 99% . quantiles of . the statistical . Sanders and Gyakum (1980). Bosart. (1981). http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/bombogenesis.html. . Authors.  . John R. Gyakum. 1. Bryn Ronalds. 1. Lance F. Bosart. 2. Shawn M. Milrad. 3. Eyad. H. Atallah. Tony . Doré. , Christian Schiffer, . R. . Foulger. , Dieter Franke, Laurent Geoffroy, Laurent . Gernigon. , Bob . Holdsworth. , Ken McCaffrey, Alex Peace, . Kenni. Petersen, Randell Stephenson, Kim Welford (and others?). E. Hackert, S. Akella, R. Kovach, K. Nakada, A. Borovikov, A. Molod, K. Drushka, and M. Jacob. Problem. : Satellite observes the top centimeter of the ocean. In rainy conditions, the vertical salinity gradient between SSS and first model layer (i.e., where these data are assimilated - S.