PPT-MEMORY PROCESS OF MEMORY

The processing storage and retrieval of information acquired through learning MEMORY ATKINSONSHIFFRIN MULTISTORE MODEL ATKINSONSHIFFRIN Permanent builtin fixed features that do not vary. Avg Access Time 2 Tokens Number of Controllers Average Access Time clock cyles brPage 16br Number of Tokens vs Avg Access Time 9 Controllers Number of Tokens Average Access Time clock cycles brPage 17br brPage 18br Architecture. CPU . Processing units. Caches. Interrupt controllers. MMU. Memory. Interconnect. North bridge. South bridge. PCI, . etc. PC Architecture. Address Spaces. Translation from logical to physical addresses. 1. Address . Binding. The normal procedures is to select one of the processes in the input queue and to load that process into memory.. As the process executed, it accesses instructions and data from memory, when the process terminates, and its memory space is declared available.. Main Points. Applications of memory management. What can we do with ability to trap on memory references to individual pages?. File systems and persistent storage. Goals. Abstractions. Interfaces. Address Translation Uses. Overheads, Part 1. Sections 9.1-9.5. 1. 9.1 Background. Remember the following sequence from the last chapter:. 1. The simplest approach: Define a memory block of fixed size large enough for any process and allocate such a block to each process (see MISC)—this is tremendously rigid and wasteful. Mark . Russinovich. Technical Fellow. Windows Azure. (created jointly with Dave Solomon). WCL406. Goals. Deep dive on:. Process virtual and physical memory usage. Operating system virtual and physical memory usage. Background. Virtual memory. . – separation of user logical memory from physical memory.. Only part of the program needs to be in memory for execution. Logical address space can therefore be much larger than physical address space. Overheads, Part 2. Sections 9.6-9.10. 1. 9.6 Thrashing. As noted earlier, in order for virtual memory to be practical, extremely low fault rates are necessary. If the number of frames allocated to a process falls below a certain level, the process will tend to fault frequently. Mark . Russinovich. Technical Fellow. Windows Azure. (created jointly with Dave Solomon). WCL406. Goals. Deep dive on:. Process virtual and physical memory usage. Operating system virtual and physical memory usage. Chapter 9: Virtual Memory. Background. Demand Paging. Copy-on-Write. Page Replacement. Allocation of Frames . Thrashing. Memory-Mapped Files. Allocating Kernel Memory. Other Considerations. Operating-System Examples. How to create a process?. On Unix systems, executable read by loader. Compiler: generates one object file per source file. Linker: combines all object files into one executable. Loader: loads executable in memory. CS550. Paging and Segmentation. . Non-contiguous memory allocation. Fragmentation is a serious problem with contiguous allocation . Non-contiguous allocation removes this problem . Modern memory systems use more advanced allocation schemes . Improve system performance . Process management. Need to keep several process in memory. Share memory. Learn various techniques to manage memory. Hardware dependent . Memory management. Memory management. Chapter 10: Virtual Memory. Background. Demand Paging. Copy-on-Write. Page Replacement. Allocation of Frames . Thrashing. Memory-Mapped Files. Allocating Kernel Memory. Other Considerations. Operating-System Examples.