Joints Joints occur where two or more bones join together or articulate Functions Hold bones together Allow motion The structure of the joint determines the type and range of motion allowed ID: 647458
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Slide1
Joints
October 23, 2014Slide2
Joints
Joints occur where two
or more bones join together, or articulateFunctions:Hold bones togetherAllow motionThe structure of the joint determines the type and range of motion allowed Slide3
Types of Joints
Fibrous Joints
Bones joined by fibrous tissue
Essentially immovable
Examples: sutures, syndesmoses
Syndesmoses
at distal
tibiofibular
joint
The fibers of
syndesmoses
are longer than the fibers of sutures – allowing
syndesmoses
to have
slight
movementSlide4
Types of Joints
Cartilaginous Joints
Bones are connected by cartilage
Immovable or slightly moveable
Examples:
immoveable
Slightly moveableSlide5
Types of Joints
Synovial Joints
Bones are connected by a joint cavity containing synovial fluid
‘freely’ moveableSlide6
Synovial Joint Structure
Structures which facilitate movement
Articular cartilage
lines the ends of the bones, reducing friction
Synovial membrane lines the inside of the joint capsule, reducing friction
Synovial fluid
fills the joint
cavity, reducing friction and acting as a shock absorberSlide7
Synovial Joint Structure
Structures which hold the bones together
Joint capsule
made of fibrous
connective tissue surrounds ends of bonesLigaments made of dense
connective tissue connect the
two bones are reinforce the
joint capsuleSlide8
Think, Pair, Share
Older scholar …
What are the two functions of joints?
What would happen if the synovial membrane became inflamed?
Younger scholar …What special features give synovial joints the greatest freedom of movement?What would happen if articular cartilage wore away?Slide9
Types of Synovial Joints
The shape of synovial joints determines the allowable movements.
Plane joints
Sliding movement
Can move short distances only
Ex:
the vertebral
archesSlide10
Types of Synovial Joints
The shape of synovial joints determines the allowable movements.
Pivot joints
rotational movement
Ex: the
radioulnar
jointSlide11
Types of Synovial Joints
The shape of synovial joints determines the allowable movements.
Hinge Joints
allow flexion / extensionEx:
humeroulnar
jointSlide12
Types of Synovial Joints
The shape of synovial joints determines the allowable movements.
Saddle Joints
allow side-to-side AND back-and-forth
motion
Both bones have
concave and convex areasEx:
carpometacarpal joint of thumb Slide13
Types of Synovial Joints
The shape of synovial joints determines the allowable movements.
Condyloid
Joints (aka Ellipsoid)
allow side-to-side AND back-and-forth
motion
One bone is convex
and fits inside the other, concave boneEx:
atlanto-occipital jointSlide14
Types of Synovial Joints
The shape of synovial joints determines the allowable movements.
Ball-and-socket joints
allow side-to-side AND back-and-forth motion AND rotationEx: shoulder
(
humerus – scapula)Slide15
Use the movement to guess the joint type!
Atlanto
-axial joint (first two cervical
vertibrae
) Intercarpal joints Interphalangeal joints Tibia-talar joint Acetobular-femoral joint
Metacarpalphalangeal
joint
Work in groups of 2-3
7 minutesSlide16
Use the movement to guess the joint type!
Atlanto
-axial joint (first two cervical
vertibrae
) – pivot jointIntercarpal joints – (wrist) plane jointsInterphalangeal joints – (finger)
hinge joints
Tibia-
talar
joint – (ankle) hinge jointsAcetobular-femoral joint – (hip)
ball and socket jointMetacarpalphalangeal joint – (knuckles) condyloid jointSlide17
Closure
What were our objectives and how did we accomplish them?
How does it relate to our overall unit question?
What was our learner profile trait and how did we use it?Slide18
Exit Ticket
Rank the following joints in order from most mobile to
least
Ball and socket, sutures, plane, saddle, pivot, cartilaginous