Joints of the human body - PowerPoint Presentation

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Joints of the human bodySlide2

Joints of the human body

Joints are the point of contact (articulations) between two connecting bones.

The stability and the integrity of joints are maintained by strands of connective tissue called ligaments, which hold bones together.Slide3

Classification of Joints

Structural classification of joints recognize three types of joints.

Fibrous Joints

Cartilaginous Joints

Synovial JointsSlide4

Classification of Joints (Structure)

Joint types

Description

Examples

Fibrous Joints

Bound tightly together by connective tissue and allow no movement.

The sutures between the bones of the skull (vault)

Cartilaginous Joints:

The body of one bone connects with the body of another by means

of cartilage. These joints can absorb shock, and allow slight movement.

The

intervertebral

disks of the vertebral

column &

Symphysis

pubis

Synovial Joints:

Joints that allow the greatest

range of motion.

Bony

surfaces are separated by a lubricating fluid and by cartilage. They are also joined by ligaments that enclose the end of articulating bones and form the capsule containing the synovial membrane

Knee

joint

Shoulder joint

Hip joint

Etc.Slide5

Characteristics of a Synovial J

oint

1.

Articulating cartilage

:

The hyaline cartilage located at the ends of the bones allow for smooth contact surfaces for bones to move.They also act as shock absorbersSlide6

Characteristics of a Synovial Joint

Joint capsule

:

Consists of a synovial membrane

and a

fibrous capsule.

Synovial membrane:

Allows certain nutrients to pass through

Fibrous capsule

:

Keeps synovial fluid isSlide7
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Characteristics of a Synovial Joint

Joint Cavity

Located between to bony surfaces, this cavity is filled with

synovial fluid

which lubricates the joint.

This lubricant

reduces friction between the bones, and also

provides nutrients

for the articulating cartilageSlide9
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Characteristics of a Synovial Joint

4.

Bursae

These small fluid-filled sacs are found at friction points between ligaments, tendons, and bones.

They provide

cusion

, reduce friction and allow free movement in the j

oint.Slide11

Characteristics of a Synovial Joint

Intrinsic Ligaments

Thick bands of connective tissue that reinforce the joint capsule

Extrinsic Ligaments

Seperate

from the joint capsule, they help reinforce the joint by attaching the bones togetherSlide12
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Types of Synovial Joints

Synovial joints are often distinguished by the kind of movement the joint permits.

There are 6 types of synovial joints:

Hinge Joints

Pivot Joints

Ellipsoid (Condyloid

) JointsSaddle Joints

Ball and socket Joints

Plane (

Glidding

) JointsSlide14

Hinge Joints

Unilateral Joint

One articulating surface

is convex and the other

is concave

Examples:Humero-ulnar

jointInterphalangeal

joints (fingers)Slide15

Pivot Joints

Unilateral Joint

One bone rotates around

one axis

Example:

a

tlantoaxial

joint

Radioulnar

jointSlide16

Ellipsoid (

Condyloid

) Joints

Bilateral

(

flexion-extension, abduction-adduction)One surface is a ovular convex shape, and the other is a reciprocally concave surface.Slide17

Saddle Joint

Bilateral

(flexion-extension, abduction-adduction)

Bone are set together as in sitting on a horse

Example

Carpometacarpal jointSlide18
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Ball and

S

ocket

Joint

Trilateral

A rounded bone is fitted into a cup-like receptacle

Examples:

Iliofemoral

joint

Glenohumeral

jointSlide20

Gliding Joint

Unilateral

Joint permits gliding movements

The bone surfaces are nearly flat, so the only movement allowed is a gliding actionSlide21

Types of Synovial Joints