PDF-of isomers of alkanes, alkenes,

365 131CLASSIFICATION Hydrocarbons are of different types Depending upon theclassified into three main categories. 6 286 Relative Stability of Alkenes Based On Molar Heats of Hydrogenation H hyd 276 kcalmol H hyd 286 kcalmol Trans cis brPage 3br Relative Stability of Alkenes Based On Molar Heats of Hydrogenation 327 kcalmol 297 kcalmol 280 kcalmol 286 kcalmol Alkanes, alkenes, alkynes and aromatics. Types of Hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons contain C and H. There are 4 families, alk. anes. only have C-C single bonds, alk. enes. have at least one C=C and alk. ynes. The relative stabilities of related alkenes can be determined by measuring their heats of combustion.. The thermodynamic stability of the butenes increases in the order: 1-butene < cis-2-butene < trans-2-butene.. Alkanes. Chem. 108. Chapter 2. 1. 2. General Molecular Formula of Hydrocarbons. (Homologous Series) . C. n. H. 2n+2 . Saturated. Alkanes. (containing. a single ring). . C. n. H. 2n . Cycloalkanes. Hydrocarbons . Essential idea. Structure, bonding and chemical reactions involving functional group inter-conversions are key strands in organic chemistry.. Learning outcomes . Understand:. Alkanes. have low reactivity and undergo free-radical substitution reactions.. Straight chain alkanes will have symmetrical . electronegativities. so they will behave as non-polar molecules. Since ‘like dissolves like’ the alkanes will all be soluble in . eachother. However… since water is polar; alkanes will NOT dissolve in water… think of pouring oil on water. . Alkanes. Dr. . Shatha. I . Alaqeel. 1. 108 . Chem. Learning Objectives. Chapter one discusses the following topics and the student by the end of this chapter will:. . Know the classification of hydrocarbon. – has at least one carbon-carbon double bond, C = C.. Simplest . alkene. , C. 2. H. 4. , . ethene. .. Ch. 11: Unsaturated Hydrocarbons. Alkyne. – has at least one carbon-carbon triple bond, C . . H—. O. H. C. C. +. O. H. C. C. H. Acid-Catalyzed Hydration of Alkenes. reaction is acid catalyzed; typical hydration medium is 50% H. 2. SO. 4. -50% H. 2. O. Follows Markovnikov's Rule. H. ydrohalogenation. Division of Material. Alkenes and Alkynes are very versatile molecules in Organic Chemistry. As a result, there is a lot of information we need for them. . To make it manageable, the information is divided into two chapters.. Unsaturated Hydrocarbons. Unsaturated hydrocarbon. :. . contains one or more carbon-carbon double or triple bonds. alkene. :. . contains a carbon-carbon double bond and has the general formula C. n. Copyright ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.. Acetaldehyde – of commercial importance. . - oxidation to acetic acid. . - dehydration to acetic anhydride. . . Isomers . are molecules that have the same molecular formula, but have a different arrangement of the atoms in space. . What are . stereoisomers. In . stereoisomerism, the atoms making up the isomers are joined up in the same order, but still manage to have a different spatial arrangement. Optical isomerism is one form of stereoisomerism.. Announcements I. Mastering . Ch. . . 20 . assignment . (Organic Chemistry) due 12/10. After that (and the hand grading problem), I will assign class points (probably some bonus to reflect some bad homework problems).