PPT-V6: Protein phosphorylation during cell cycle

Olsen Science Signaling 3 2010 Protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation are highly controlled biochemical processes that respond to various intracellular and extracellular stimuli . Section 5.1. 1. Objectives. SWBAT describe the stages of the cell cycle.. SWBAT compare rates of division in different types of cells.. SWBAT identify factors that limit cell size.. 2. Starter. Why do you always have to cut your hair, your fingernails, and the lawn?. Why do cells need to divide?. Growth and development. You started as 1 cell and now you’re made up of roughly 40 TRILLION cells. Repair and regeneration of tissue. Reproduction. What happens when cells divide? . When Making New Cells . Goes Terribly . Wrong. Regulating the cell cycle. Not all cells move through the cell cycle . at the same rate. :. Most Muscle cells and nerve cells do not divide at all once they have developed. Why is regulation of the cycle important?. 40%. Approximately 39.6 percent of men and women will be diagnosed with cancer at some point during their lifetime. . (based on 2010-2012 data). (cancer.gov). CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION Despite the diversity among cells, three basic features are common to all cell types. All cells have outer boundary, an interior substance and a control region. CELL STRUCTURES All cells take in food, rid waste, reproduce. 3 main sections. 1) Plasma membrane. 2) Nucleus. 3) Cytoplasm. cytoplasm. Cytoplasm. Jelly-like material inside of the cell. Most organelles float within. 1 | 7:39998 | DOI: 10.1038/srep39998 www.nature.com/scientificreports 2 domain and the GDI-like domain sandwich actin, triggering YopO autophosphorylation and the allosteric stabilization of the acti Intercellular Signaling—Local . Cell Junctions—signaling substances in cytosol pass freely between cells. Gap Junctions in Animals. Plasmodesmata. in Plants. Cell-Cell Interaction. —. interaction . Cell Cycle - a cycle of growth, development, and division. This is how organisms grow, produce new cells, and replace old cells. The cell cycle occurs in 2 phases: Interphase and . Mitosis. The Cell Cycle: Interphase. Chapters 12, 13, 16, 17. Limits to Cell Growth. The larger a cell becomes, the more demands a cell places on its DNA. If extra copies of DNA are not made, an “information crisis” would occur. The cell also has more trouble moving nutrients and wastes across the cell membrane. Variation of length of cell cycle. In humans, the frequency of cell turnover . varies. E. arly embryonic development. (Few hours ). E. pithelial cells (2-5 days). Specialized cells. (. cortical neurons or cardiac muscle cells. Unit 1 – Cells and Proteins. Advanced Higher Biology. Miss Aitken. Why is controlling the cycle important?. Complex events must work perfectly to produce new daughter cells. Mutations can occur if events do not go to plan. 4. ) group to a protein or other organic molecule.. Phosphorylation. activates or deactivates many protein enzymes, estimated that as much as half of all cellular proteins can be . phosphorylated. It is the growth and division of single cell into daughter cells and duplication (replication).. In . prokaryotic cells, . the cell cycle occurs via process termed binary fission.. In . eukaryotic cells, .