Creativity and artificial creativity By, Biplab Ch
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Creativity and artificial creativity By, Biplab Ch Das (123050068) Under Guidance of: Prof. Pushpak Bhattacharyya The plan Creativity and the stages of creative process Computational Creativity Joke generation Artificial Poetry Types of
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01
Creativity and artificial creativity By,
Biplab Ch Das (123050068)
Under Guidance of: Prof. Pushpak Bhattacharyya<br>
Biplab Ch Das (123050068)
Under Guidance of: Prof. Pushpak Bhattacharyya<br>
02
The plan Creativity and the stages of creative process
Computational Creativity
Joke generation
Artificial Poetry
Types of artificial poetry
Poetry using bigram and wordnet
Chomsky text generator
The Scigen generator<br>
Computational Creativity
Joke generation
Artificial Poetry
Types of artificial poetry
Poetry using bigram and wordnet
Chomsky text generator
The Scigen generator<br>
03
Why motivated? Computers can do many things that human beings can do. Some times better.
Try this:
1231467284678*3632778937982793987/7237378
Computers are put in “Technology ” and the “science “ category.
All the arts are by human.
So why should the computers be behind.<br>
Try this:
1231467284678*3632778937982793987/7237378
Computers are put in “Technology ” and the “science “ category.
All the arts are by human.
So why should the computers be behind.<br>
04
What is creativity? Creativity refers to the invention or origination of any new thing (a product, solution, artwork, literary work, joke, etc.) that has value. "New" may refer to the individual creator or the society or domain within which novelty occurs. "Valuable", similarly, may be defined in a variety of ways.
-wikipedia<br>
-wikipedia<br>
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The Five stages of creativity: Possibility:
You might have some interesting starter ideas, but really, you probably have nothing.
“Here’s a cool idea. Here’s another one. And another. Man, I’m pretty good.”
Doubt:
As you begin to look at your ideas more closely, you realize, um… they’re actually not that great. Doubt sets in and uncertainty set in. You might become defensive, and start questioning the process, and yourself.<br>
You might have some interesting starter ideas, but really, you probably have nothing.
“Here’s a cool idea. Here’s another one. And another. Man, I’m pretty good.”
Doubt:
As you begin to look at your ideas more closely, you realize, um… they’re actually not that great. Doubt sets in and uncertainty set in. You might become defensive, and start questioning the process, and yourself.<br>
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3. Agony The most grueling of all steps in the creative process, this stage is a red-blooded struggle. Nothing seems to work. Your co-workers get stressed by the perceived lack of progress.
4. Epiphany You’ve done it! You’ve just invented a big, new idea. With a burst of energy and relief, your breakthrough has happened.
5. Finesse Now you’re crafting the raw idea to be more strategic and purposeful. Your skill and training really begins to shine through, as you sharpen and refine your concept into the best possible execution.<br>
4. Epiphany You’ve done it! You’ve just invented a big, new idea. With a burst of energy and relief, your breakthrough has happened.
5. Finesse Now you’re crafting the raw idea to be more strategic and purposeful. Your skill and training really begins to shine through, as you sharpen and refine your concept into the best possible execution.<br>
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Computational Creativity Computational creativity (also known as artificial creativity, mechanical creativity or creative computation) is a multidisciplinary Endeavour that is located at the intersection of the fields of artificial intelligence, cognitive psychology, philosophy, and the arts.
-Wikipedia<br>
-Wikipedia<br>
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Goals of Computational Creativity To construct program capable of human level creativity
to better understand human creativity and to formulate an algorithmic perspective on creative behavior in humans
to design programs that can enhance human creativity without necessarily being creative themselves<br>
to better understand human creativity and to formulate an algorithmic perspective on creative behavior in humans
to design programs that can enhance human creativity without necessarily being creative themselves<br>
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Types of creativity Music
Its about creating music using computers.
EMI is a good example.
It extends to Experiments in Musical Intelligence.
It was developed by David cope and generates classical music.<br>
Its about creating music using computers.
EMI is a good example.
It extends to Experiments in Musical Intelligence.
It was developed by David cope and generates classical music.<br>
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Ascii Art Generators<br>
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Linguistic creativity Story Generation
Analogy
Joke generation
Neologism
“Farhanitrate and Prerajulisation”
Sounds Familiar !!!<br>
Analogy
Joke generation
Neologism
“Farhanitrate and Prerajulisation”
Sounds Familiar !!!<br>
12
Artificial Poetry Generation of Poetry that uses forms and conventions to suggest differential interpretation to words, or to evoke emotive responses using computers.<br>
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Types of artificial poetry Iterative Approach from an object list.
objectlist=
[ 'the things I have',
'the people I love',
'the labors I do',
'the perceptions I experience',
'the thoughts I think',
'the emotions I feel',
'the rules I follow']<br>
objectlist=
[ 'the things I have',
'the people I love',
'the labors I do',
'the perceptions I experience',
'the thoughts I think',
'the emotions I feel',
'the rules I follow']<br>
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The Steps Let “item” be an element in object list
Step 1:'I am not '+item
But at this moment…
Step 2:item+' become me.‘(reverse order)
Step 3:item(random)
But I will be unhappy if I forget . . .
Step 4: 'I am not '+item<br>
Step 1:'I am not '+item
But at this moment…
Step 2:item+' become me.‘(reverse order)
Step 3:item(random)
But I will be unhappy if I forget . . .
Step 4: 'I am not '+item<br>
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The Result:<br>
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Continued<br>
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Template based Its like fill in the blanks….<br>
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There are other approaches: Evolutionary Algorithms
General points:
i)The scoring function can be made to give a higher scores to sentences that rhyme most has more aliterations metre etc.
ii)randomness is well suited for “creativity” in poem generation(mutation in th EA approach)<br>
General points:
i)The scoring function can be made to give a higher scores to sentences that rhyme most has more aliterations metre etc.
ii)randomness is well suited for “creativity” in poem generation(mutation in th EA approach)<br>
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Some of EA poetry The cat is the cat which is dead.
The bread which is gone is the bread.
The cat which consumed
the bread is the cat
which gobbled the bread which is gone.<br>
The bread which is gone is the bread.
The cat which consumed
the bread is the cat
which gobbled the bread which is gone.<br>
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Sample output from ELUAR Sparkles of whiteness fly in my eyes,
The moan of stars swang branches of trees,
The heart of time sings in the snowy night.
Seconds of Eternity fly in grass,
The Clock of rain turns,
Death of the Apples,
The Equinox penetrates the words.<br>
The moan of stars swang branches of trees,
The heart of time sings in the snowy night.
Seconds of Eternity fly in grass,
The Clock of rain turns,
Death of the Apples,
The Equinox penetrates the words.<br>
21
Sample output from ALFRED wheresoever amorphous – just barely the nightclub,
howsoever apostolic amidst a calamity,
a dragon will irrigate a Copernican currant – an emphysema.
His cowlick must have incinerated a housebroken revelry as per a melamine.
your inactive hydrocarbon could atone.<br>
howsoever apostolic amidst a calamity,
a dragon will irrigate a Copernican currant – an emphysema.
His cowlick must have incinerated a housebroken revelry as per a melamine.
your inactive hydrocarbon could atone.<br>
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Joke generators: JAPE:
Graeme Ritchie and Kim Binsted in their 1994 research paper described a computer program, JAPE, designed to generate question-answer-type pun from a general, i.e., non-humorous, lexicon.
(The program name is an acronym for "Joke Analysis and Production Engine".)<br>
Graeme Ritchie and Kim Binsted in their 1994 research paper described a computer program, JAPE, designed to generate question-answer-type pun from a general, i.e., non-humorous, lexicon.
(The program name is an acronym for "Joke Analysis and Production Engine".)<br>
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Some examples produced by JAPE are: Q: What is the difference between leaves and a car?
A: One you brush and rake, the other you rush and brake.
Q: What do you call a strange market?
A: A bizarre bazaar.<br>
A: One you brush and rake, the other you rush and brake.
Q: What do you call a strange market?
A: A bizarre bazaar.<br>
24
STANDUP: Since then[1994] the approach has been improved, and the latest report, dated 2007, describes the STANDUP joke generator, implemented in Java programming language. The STANDUP generator was tested on children within the framework of analyzing its usability for language skills development for children with communication disabilities, e.g., because of cerebral palsy.<br>
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STANDUP(Cont…) (The project name is an acronym for "System To Augment Non-speakers' Dialog Using Puns" and an allusion to standup comedy.) Children responded to this "language playground" with enthusiasm, and showed marked improvement on certain types of language tests.<br>
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Some Jokes generated by STANDUP: What do you get when you cross a GOD Almighty and a plan .
A divine design .
How is a gray start like a dense point. They are kind of dull beginning.<br>
A divine design .
How is a gray start like a dense point. They are kind of dull beginning.<br>
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Infinite monkey theorem The infinite monkey theorem states that a monkey hitting keys at random on a typewriter keyboard for an infinite amount of time will almost surely type a given text, such as the complete works of William Shakespeare.
Why cant the computer do it??<br>
Why cant the computer do it??<br>
28
Some words of wisdom “It had seen all your head Like an idea has gone mad Or other man in one is In an air as a crisis Personalities may come back a good Thing like a good sense stood”<br>
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The wordnet based approach The extension of the next word prediction.
(Bigrams)
Some Math:
argmax∑(Nw)∑(Tw)I(Tw)*sim(Syn(Nw),Syn(Tw))
Where argmax is over Nw
Here nw=argmax(wi,wj) maximizing over wj
Sim is a similarity function
Syn(W) refers to the synset of the words
Tw is text word.Nw is the next possible word.<br>
(Bigrams)
Some Math:
argmax∑(Nw)∑(Tw)I(Tw)*sim(Syn(Nw),Syn(Tw))
Where argmax is over Nw
Here nw=argmax(wi,wj) maximizing over wj
Sim is a similarity function
Syn(W) refers to the synset of the words
Tw is text word.Nw is the next possible word.<br>
30
Add some rhymes and Simile Eureka !!
We have a poetry generator.
i)For rhymes we matched the last two or three letters of the last word.
Could have done better .(Parallel phoneme corpus.)
ii)For simile give “like” a higher probability as next word.<br>
We have a poetry generator.
i)For rhymes we matched the last two or three letters of the last word.
Could have done better .(Parallel phoneme corpus.)
ii)For simile give “like” a higher probability as next word.<br>
31
Rhyme is not about matching letters Why not match syllables instead of end letters for rhyming.
Thanks to CMU dictionary we have the syllables.
('fir', ['F', 'ER1'])
('fire', ['F', 'AY1', 'ER0'])
('fire', ['F', 'AY1', 'R'])
('firearm', ['F', 'AY1', 'ER0', 'AA2', 'R', 'M'])
('firearm', ['F', 'AY1', 'R', 'AA2', 'R', 'M'])
('firearms', ['F', 'AY1', 'ER0', 'AA2', 'R', 'M', 'Z'])<br>
Thanks to CMU dictionary we have the syllables.
('fir', ['F', 'ER1'])
('fire', ['F', 'AY1', 'ER0'])
('fire', ['F', 'AY1', 'R'])
('firearm', ['F', 'AY1', 'ER0', 'AA2', 'R', 'M'])
('firearm', ['F', 'AY1', 'R', 'AA2', 'R', 'M'])
('firearms', ['F', 'AY1', 'ER0', 'AA2', 'R', 'M', 'Z'])<br>
32
Results : Poem 1: Is so is in a long
Time is so as one long
Wilt have taken away at length
A time is no matter belongeth
Not so great !!!
(Some old english words were used)<br>
Time is so as one long
Wilt have taken away at length
A time is no matter belongeth
Not so great !!!
(Some old english words were used)<br>
33
Poem 2:Fail() Can give way he saw nothing
Like me not know you going
Away in one end it had
Seen all to make out again
“But If everyone understands the poem. It cant be a poem”<br>
Like me not know you going
Away in one end it had
Seen all to make out again
“But If everyone understands the poem. It cant be a poem”<br>
34
Poem 3: “It had seen all your head Like an idea has gone mad Or other man in one is In an air as a crisis Personalities may come back a good Thing like a good sense stood”
It’s the same “word of wisdom presented before”
“Makes some sense”<br>
It’s the same “word of wisdom presented before”
“Makes some sense”<br>
35
Random Text Generation in style of Chomsky(NLTK) CHOMSKY is an aid to writing linguistic papers in the style of the great master. It is based on selected phrases taken from actual books and articles written by Noam Chomsky. Upon request, it assembles the phrases in the elegant stylistic patterns that Chomsky is noted for.<br>
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The idea(We have the following types of sentences) leadins = ””To characterize a linguistic level L, On the other hand, This suggests that, It appears that, Furthermore,””
subjects = “”” the notion of level of grammaticalness, a case of semigrammaticalness of a different sort, most of the methodological work in modern linguistics””
verbs = """can be defined in such a way, as to impose, delimits, suffices to account for, cannot be arbitrary in, is not subject to”””
objects = """ problems of phonemic and morphological analysis. a corpus of utterance tokens upon which conformity has been defined by the paired utterance test. the traditional practice of grammarians.””<br>
subjects = “”” the notion of level of grammaticalness, a case of semigrammaticalness of a different sort, most of the methodological work in modern linguistics””
verbs = """can be defined in such a way, as to impose, delimits, suffices to account for, cannot be arbitrary in, is not subject to”””
objects = """ problems of phonemic and morphological analysis. a corpus of utterance tokens upon which conformity has been defined by the paired utterance test. the traditional practice of grammarians.””<br>
37
Can this thing work? A fact:
English is a SVO language, which means “Ram ate apples”
Can this kind of simple rule generate something meaning full
Say this formula:
([Leadin]-[Subject]-[Verb]-[Object])+<br>
English is a SVO language, which means “Ram ate apples”
Can this kind of simple rule generate something meaning full
Say this formula:
([Leadin]-[Subject]-[Verb]-[Object])+<br>
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The output:<br>
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Paper Generation: Automatic scientific paper generator SCIgen is a program that generates random Computer Science research papers, including graphs, figures, and citations. It uses a hand-written context-free grammar to form all elements of the papers.
The aim here is to maximize amusement, rather than coherence.
The idea is almost similar as the previously illustrated system<br>
The aim here is to maximize amusement, rather than coherence.
The idea is almost similar as the previously illustrated system<br>
40
The paper generated<br>
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Conclusions Computers can be creative . They can be used in a creative way .
But at the moment man is better than computer in case of poetry generation or joke generations or even paper writing
It requires human involvement in artificial poem generation, and of course paper cant be written by robots.
A complete unsupervised approach is difficult.
But we can hope for a future where it is possible.<br>
But at the moment man is better than computer in case of poetry generation or joke generations or even paper writing
It requires human involvement in artificial poem generation, and of course paper cant be written by robots.
A complete unsupervised approach is difficult.
But we can hope for a future where it is possible.<br>
42
References: [1] Hisar Maruli Manurung, An evolutionary algorithm approach to poetry generation, University of Edinburgh, 2003
[2] http://honestpoet.wordpress.com/ poem posted by majutsu
[3]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_creativity [accessed on 10/11/12]
[4] http://www.aipoem.com/ for generating the template based poem [accessed on 9/11/12]
[5] Jacob Perkins,Python Text processing with NLTK 2.0 Cookbook,PACKT Publishing,2010<br>
[2] http://honestpoet.wordpress.com/ poem posted by majutsu
[3]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_creativity [accessed on 10/11/12]
[4] http://www.aipoem.com/ for generating the template based poem [accessed on 9/11/12]
[5] Jacob Perkins,Python Text processing with NLTK 2.0 Cookbook,PACKT Publishing,2010<br>
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[6] http://www.printmag.com/Article/The-5-Stages-of-Your-Creative-Process [accessed on 14/11/12]
[7] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creativity [accessed on 14/11/12]
[8] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_humor[accessed on 14/11/12]
[9] http://code.activestate.com/recipes/440546-chomsky-random-text-generator/[accessed on 16/3/13]
[9] http://pdos.csail.mit.edu/scigen/[accessed on 16/3/13]<br>
[7] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creativity [accessed on 14/11/12]
[8] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_humor[accessed on 14/11/12]
[9] http://code.activestate.com/recipes/440546-chomsky-random-text-generator/[accessed on 16/3/13]
[9] http://pdos.csail.mit.edu/scigen/[accessed on 16/3/13]<br>
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Thank You Questions??<br>