PPT-PLASMIDS Plasmids are DNA molecules that exist free of the chromosome in the cell. Most

oriC gene along with a dnaA gene and other genes typical of the chromosomal origin of replication Plasmids usually carry genes for proteins that are necessary or beneficial to the host under some situations but are not essential under all conditions . Indispensable tools that allow molecular biologists to obtain essentially unlimited amounts of a DNA sequence. S. mall . circular DNA molecules that replicate independently of the host chromosomes. How are plasmids constructed?. PLASMID VECTORS. . . Cloning into a Plasmid. Bacteria are useful hosts.. They are easily grown. They are cheap to grow. They grow fast. They are easily manipulated in the laboratory. DNA can be inserted - transformation. It typically exists as a covalently closed circular piece of double stranded DNA that has the capability of replicating autonomously and it is this property that leads to its isolation and physical recognition. The closed covalent nature of their structure allows them to be separated from chromosomal DNA by either gel electrophoresis or . Plasmid . What is the plasmid ?. Plasmid are small, double strand , closed circular DNA molecules , that can be isolated from . bacterial cells. , they replicate independently of the bacterial chromosome. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 2004;7:197 3.2.1. . Bacterial Chromosomes (prokaryotes). Most only have 1 chromosome.. Which means, it only contains a single copy of each gene (except during cell division when chromosomes are replicated).. Has circular DNA that contains all genes needed for basic life processes of the cell.. A vehicle used to transfer genetic material such as DNA sequence from the donor organism to target cell of recipient organism(Host cell).. Also referred as carrier of DNA sequence.. Also referred as cloning vehicle or cloning DNA.. Dr. . Savita . Kumari. Assistant Professor-cum-Jr. Scientist. Department of Veterinary Microbiology. Bihar Veterinary College, BASU, Patna. Veterinary Microbiology (Unit-1). Usually . circular, double stranded extrachromosomal . th the total amount of DNA in a human cell)ll contains small, circular, extrachromosomal (outside of the chromosome) DNA molecules called genetic information. Some plasmids repli 1 S.B. Primrose, Molecular Biotechnology, 2 Why Gene Cloning is Important?Why Gene Cloning is Important?A century ago, A century ago, Mendel :Mendel :property of an organism) is property of an organis S. mall . circular DNA molecules that replicate independently of the host chromosomes. How are plasmids constructed?. What functional elements are found in our yeast overexpression plasmids?. How are plasmids purified?. Part 4: How do we isolate the plasmid DNA from our bacteria . Isolating plasmid DNA. The key is to separate the plasmids from the bacterial chromosome. This is not trivial, since they are both DNA. What is the difference?. Plasmids.  must regulate their copy number to ensure that they do not excessively burden the host or become lost during cell division.. COPY NUMBER OF PLASMID. Copy number refers to the average or expected number of copies per host cell. Plasmids are either low, medium or high copy number. Plasmids vary widely in copy number depending on three main factors:. Cottell JL, Webber MA, Coldham NG, Taylor DL, Cerdeño-Tárraga AM, Hauser H, et al. Complete Sequence and Molecular Epidemiology of IncK Epidemic Plasmid Encoding blaCTX-M-14. Emerg Infect Dis. 2011;17(4):645-652. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1704.101009.