Industrialization, Ideologies, & Upheavals - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Industrialization, Ideologies, & Upheavals

AP Review #4Slide2

Industrial Revolution begins in

Britain

Great Britain had the capacity, resources, and capital to respond to increased demand with new technology and new ways of organizing productionSlide3

Industrialization on the

Continent

Develops with significant involvement of government (different from Britain)

By World War I, industrialization significantly progressed in

Germany

Belgium

France

Not so in

Italy

RussiaAustria-HungarySlide4

Class-Consciousness develops

In both middle & working classes as industrial system created clearer demarcations & lifestyles.

Workers began to form unions and advocate for political changeSlide5

Urbanization & Population growth

…accompany industrial growth

Living and working conditions of the laborers in the early decades were terrible.There was substantial debate about how to understand the new urban poverty, w/ some efforts made to improve those conditions.By around 1840, real wages were going up and the standard of living improved.Slide6

1. Use the passage below and your knowledge of European history

to answer all parts of the question that follows.

“Darkest England, like Darkest Africa, reeks with malaria. The foul and fetid breath of our slums is almost as poisonous as that of the African swamp. Fever is almost as chronic there as on the Equator. Every year thousands of children are killed off by what is called defects of our sanitary system. They are in reality starved and poisoned, and all that can be said is that, in many cases, it is better for them that they were taken away from the trouble to come.

….much of the misery of those who lot we are considering arises from their own habits. Drunkenness and all manner of uncleanness, moral and physical, abound.

….The grimmest social problems of our time should be sternly faced, not with a view to the generation of profitless emotion, but with a view to its solution.”

--William Booth, social reformer and founder of the Salvation Army,

In Darkest England and the Way Out

, 1890

Identify and explain ONE cause for the conditions described by Booth in the passage.

Identify and explain TWO ways in which the conditions described by Booth had improved by the end of the century

Key Concept

3.2.II, 3.2.III

Learning Objectives:

PP-6, PP-13

Skill:

CausationSlide7

Ideologies & Upheavals

, 1815 - 1850

Chapter 23Slide8

The Congress of Vienna

Sought to re-establish the order (balance of power) that had existed before Napoleon

Restored the legitimate monarchs displaced by Napoleon’s ruleThe major powers formed alliances to uphold this order through military action and internal repression of

Nationalism

Liberal ideas

Klemens

von Metternich - ConservatismSlide9

Early 1800s – new & powerful

Ideologies

LiberalismNationalismSocialismSlide10

Liberalism stresses FREEDOM - develops along 2 strands:

Political

⟶

seeks constitutional government

Equality before the law

Expansion of suffrage (but must own property)

Civil liberties

Economic (

laissez-faire)

Demanded free markets

Against unions/guilds, monopolies

Rejected government regulation (mercantilism)

Abide by “supply & demand”

Classical Liberalism

Alexis de TocquevilleSlide11

Nationalism

Theory that

each people had its own cultural unity.

Cultural Nationalism

l

anguage

h

istory

t

erritory

d

ance

t

raditions (sometimes religion)

Political Nationalism:

Patriotism, love & commitment to country

Drive to enhance the country’s prestige & power

Demand the right to form a state determined by the “nation”Slide12

Socialism

French Utopian

-

“

re-organize

society

to establish cooperation and a

new sense of

community

Economic Planning by

Government

Greater

Economic

Equality

State Regulation of

Property

Karl Marx

– Communism

Breaks w/ French socialists

Explains history / evolution of man & economic systems

Predicts:

proletariat will violently overthrow bourgeoisie,

there will be no need for the state

class-less society will emergeSlide13

The Romantic

Movement

An artistic movement (art, literature, music) that breaks from the enlightenment. Attracted conservatives and reactionariesFrom reason to emotion

From society to nature

Lots of Nationalism!!!Slide14

2. Answer all parts of the question that follow:

Identify and analyze TWO ways in which the painting reflects artistic trends in nineteenth-century Europe.

Based on the painting and your knowledge of European history, identify and analyze ONE artistic trend in nineteenth-century Europe not shown in the painting

Key Concept

3.6.I, 3.6.III

Learning Objectives:

OS-12

Skills:

Contextualization, Analyzing Evidence

Use the painting shown below,

The Third of May 1808

(1814) by Spanish artist Francisco Goya to answer all parts of the question that follows.Slide15

1830

Revolution in France will lead to lead to king Louis

Phillipe

, and a constitutional monarchy

In Great Britain – Great Reform Bill of 1832 will lead to significant political change

Redistributes seats in parliament

Expanded suffrageSlide16

Revolutions of

1848

In one country after another, liberal or nationalistic revolutions took place in the spring of ‘48.

France

Austrian Empire

Prussia

Almost all of them defeated within a few months

Few reforms lasted, and the failure to unite Germany as a constitutional state had enormous consequences later on.Slide17

3. Use the passage below to answer all parts of the question that

follows.

“The effect of the news of the fall of Louis Philippe was electrifying. The passion of the hour was expressed in a flaming speech by [Louis] Kossuth [Hungarian revolutionary leader], who proved himself a consummate spokesman for a people in revolt….In a speech in the Diet, March 3, 1848, he voiced the feelings of the time, bitterly denouncing the whole system of Austrian government....Ten day later a riot broke out in Vienna itself…Metternich, who for thirty-nine years had stood at the head of the Austrian states…was now forced to resign.

…The effect produced by the announcement of Metternich’s fall was prodigious. It was the most astounding piece of news Europe had received since Waterloo. His fall was correctly heralded as the fall of a system hitherto impregnable. ”

--Charles Downer Hazen, Professor of History at Columbia University,

Modern European History

, 1917

Identify and analyze TWO pieces of evidence that supports Hazen’s contention regarding the fall of Metternich.

Identify and analyze ONE piece of evidence that refutes Hazen’s contention regarding the fall of Metternich.

Key Concept

3.4.I

Learning Objectives:

SP-7

Skill

: InterpretationSlide18

Life

in the Emerging Urban Society in the 1800sSlide19

Italian UnificationSlide20

German UnificationSlide21

The New Imperialism Slide22

4. Answer all parts of the question that follows.

Historians have often referred to the period from 1815-1914 as a period of European global supremacy.

Identify and analyze TWO pieces of evidence that support this characterization of the period.Identify and analyze ONE piece of evidence that

undermines

this characterization of the period.

Key Concept 3.5.I, 3.5.II, 3.5.III

Learning Objectives:

INT-3, INT-4, INT-9, IS-10

Skill: CausationSlide23

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