in unlawful file sharing An empirical analysis Steven Watson 1 Piers Fleming 2 Daniel J Zizzo 3 1 Lancaster University 2 University of E ast Anglia 3 Newcastle University Risk and behaviour ID: 430188
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Perceived risks and benefits in unlawful file sharing: An empirical analysis
Steven Watson1, Piers Fleming2, Daniel J. Zizzo31Lancaster University2University of East Anglia3Newcastle UniversitySlide2
Risk and behaviourUnlawful file sharing is widespreadLegal challenges
to reduce impactRisk vs. benefit as a motivatorSlide3
Risk perceptionAdditional moderators of risk perceptionThe “affect heuristic”
Negative relationship between perceived benefit and perceived riskTrustAnonymityMediaSlide4
SurveyLarge two part survey by market research companyPart one: Risk, Benefit, Trust (industry and regulators), Anonymity
Part two: Extent of file sharing since part oneParticipants: eBooks (n = 737, M = 47.2 years, SD = 15.4 years), Music (n = 658, M = 47.3 years, SD = 15.36 years)Slide5
Results
*
*
*Slide6
Risk or benefits
MediaVariableOR
Lower 95% CIUpper 95% CI
Wald χ2 (1df)
peBooks
Risk
1.01.971.05
.19.666
Benefit
1.07
1.04
1.11
20.43
<.001*
Music
Risk
1.00
.96
1.04
.002
.965
Benefit
1.15
1.11
1.18
82.31
<.001*
Outcome variable is self-reported unlawful downloads: None, low (1-3 files) or high (4+ files)Slide7
Affect heuristic
Media
Variable
Beta
s.e.
t
p
eBooks
Constant
27.41
.61
45.12
<.001
Benefits
-.18
.03
-6.63
<.001
Music
Constant
26.70
.58
46.31
<.001
Benefits
-.11
.02
-4.79
<.001
Outcome variable is perceived risk of unlawful downloadingSlide8
Industry trust
eBooks
Music
High trust in industry is associated with higher risk
In music, high trust
is associated with a stronger relationship between perceived risk and benefitSlide9
Regulator trustHigh trust
in regulators is associated with higher riskIn music, and possibly eBooks, high trust is associated with a stronger relationship between perceived risk and benefit
eBooks
MusicSlide10
AnonymityHigh perceived anonymity is associated with lower riskHigh anonymity
is associated with a weaker relationship between perceived risk and benefit
eBooks
MusicSlide11
ConclusionsAffect heuristic present in unlawful file sharingTrust in punitive entities increased risk perception
Anonymity decreased risk perceptionSlide12
ConclusionsRisk does not predict behaviour whereas
benefit doesSuggests policy should focus more on encouraging solutions that target benefits:Encourage legal services that meet demands of consumersUndermine the benefits of unlawful servicesSupplyQuality