PPT-Preparation of Aldehydes and Ketones

174 Laboratory syntheses of aldehydes and ketones use four common methods Oxidation of alcohols Ozonolysis Hydration of the carboncarbon triple bond y ields enols that tautomerize to carbonyl compounds. Studies on Direct and Indirect Reductive Amination Procedures Ahmed F AbdelMagid Kenneth G Carson Bruce D Harris Cynthia A Maryanoff and Rekha D Shah The R W Johnson Pharmaceutical Research Institute Department of Chemical Development Spring House P Lecture 6. CARBONYL COMPOUNDS: . NUCLEOPHILIC ADDITION REACTION. ALDEHYDE. KETON. ESTHER. CARBOXILIC ACID. CARBONYL COMPOUNDS. CARBONYL COMPOUNDS. Formalin . Ibuprofen . Aspirin. Asam cuka. Asam semut. By . Yemi. . Oduwole. What are Flavoring Agents?. Flavoring agents are considered the largest compounds used as . FOOD ADDITIVES. . . Food and beverage applications . of these additives are . not limited to dairy, fruit, nut, seafood, spice blends, vegetables and . The Civet Cat is the original source of . civetone. , a sweet and pungent ketone used as a fixative in perfumery. Aldehydes and ketones are found in many fragrant odors of many fruits, fine perfumes, hormones etc. some examples are listed below.. Learning Objectives:. Know the general formula for alcohols.. Be able to name alcohols.. Describe the shape of alcohols.. Classify primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols.. Describe the physical properties of alcohols.. ,-Unsaturated Aldehydes and Ketones. 18-8. Conjugated unsaturated aldehydes and ketones are more stable than their unconjugated isomers.. Enones, or . ,-unsaturated carbonyl groups, are stabilized by resonance.. 17-7. Aldehydes and ketones form hemiacetals reversibly.. The reaction of alcohols with aldehydes and ketones parallels the reaction with water:. These equilibria usually favor the starting carbonyl compound.. 18-1. The pK. a. values of the . -hydrogens of aldehydes and ketones range from 16 to 21, comparable to those of alcohols (15-18).. Strong bases can remove  hydrogens leading to anions called . Before you can learn about aldehydes and ketones, you must first know something about the nomenclature of carboxylic acids since many of the names of aldehydes and ketones are derived from the names of the corresponding carboxylic acids.. 1. Chapter 16. Aldehydes & Ketones:. Nucleophilic Addition. to the Carbonyl Group. Ch. 16 - . 2. About The Authors. . These PowerPoint Lecture Slides were created and prepared by Professor William Tam and his wife, Dr. Phillis Chang. . Lesson on the following:. The Carbonyl group. Nomenclature for . Aldehydes. and . Ketones. Properties of . Aldehydes. and . Ketones. . 1.5 . Aldehydes. . and . Ketones. Aldehydes and Ketones. Formation of an Aldehyde. Oxidation of Primary Alcohols. General equation:. Primary alcohol aldehyde. RCH. 2. CH=O. EXAMPLE:. 1-propanol. Formation of a Ketone. Oxidation of Secondary Alcohols. Do Now: Write the molecular formula for the two sugars on the right. Are they isomers?. General formula: R. . C. . H or RCHO. Carbonyl group . just like ketone except . always. . at end of aldehyde . Carbonyl Compounds. Contain the carbonyl group . C=O. . Aldehydes: . R may be hydrogen, usually a carbon containing group. Ketones: . R contains carbon. Short. forms. Structures of Aldehydes . and Ketones.