PPT-Addition of Alcohols to Form Hemiacetals and Acetals

177 Aldehydes and ketones form hemiacetals reversibly The reaction of alcohols with aldehydes and ketones parallels the reaction with water These equilibria usually favor the starting carbonyl compound. and how to identify them. 2. Classification. Primary. : carbon with –OH is bonded to one other carbon. Secondary. : carbon with –OH is bonded to two other carbons. Tertiary. : carbon with –OH is bonded to three other carbons. Lecture 6. CARBONYL COMPOUNDS: . NUCLEOPHILIC ADDITION REACTION. ALDEHYDE. KETON. ESTHER. CARBOXILIC ACID. CARBONYL COMPOUNDS. CARBONYL COMPOUNDS. Formalin . Ibuprofen . Aspirin. Asam cuka. Asam semut. In General. Fragrant odors. Basic building block of housing materials. Hormones. Digestion. Vision. 2. In General. Carbonyl group. C=O. Aldehydes. RCH=O. Formyl. Ketones. RC=OR’. 3. Nomenclature. Alcohol Reactions. 1. Dehydration - . elimination of water. water is eliminated from adjacent carbon atoms and a second bond is formed between the 2 carbon atoms. uses a large amount of alcohol and a small amount of acid (H. Alcohol . – alkyl chain attached to an –OH. . R-OH. Phenol . - aromatic attached to an –OH. Nomenclature. 1. Name the longest chain of carbons which includes the carbon with the hydroxyl group.. Preparation of alkenes. Preparation of alkenes continued. Dehydration of alcohols. The H and OH are removed from adjacent carbons.. E.g. ethanol may be heated with . sulphuric. acid to create . ethene. PHENOLS. Alcohols and Phenols. Alcohols contain an OH group connected to a . a. saturated C (sp. 3. ). They are important solvents and synthesis intermediates. Phenols contain an OH group connected to a carbon in a benzene ring. 1. Chapter 16. Aldehydes & Ketones:. Nucleophilic Addition. to the Carbonyl Group. Ch. 16 - . 2. About The Authors. . These PowerPoint Lecture Slides were created and prepared by Professor William Tam and his wife, Dr. Phillis Chang. . 45. -Alcohols . have the general formula R. -. OH and are characterized by the presence of a . hydroxyl group, . -. OH. . -Phenols . have a hydroxyl group attached directly to an aromatic ring. . -Thiols . 1. Hydration of Alkenes - . addition of water. - uses H. 2. SO. 4. and heat. Ex.; Hydrate propene.. 2. Hydrogenation of Aldehydes & Ketones –. All . carbon-carbon double bonds in the molecule will be hydrogenated at the same time. 1. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes. Hydrocarbons. . (contain only carbon and hydrogen). Saturated:. (Contain only single bonds). . Alkanes. (C. n. H. 2N 2. ). . Cycloalkanes. (C. n. H. 2N . ). b). st. 1439 . Learning. . Objectives. By the end of this chapter the student will:. . know the structure of alcohol. Knew the different classes of alcohols.. Knew the nomenclature of Alcohols . Knew the physical Properties. . Alcohols contain an OH group connected to a . a. saturated C (sp. 3. ). They are important solvents and synthesis intermediates. Phenols contain an OH group connected to a carbon in a benzene ring. Methanol, CH. Kratzel A, Todt D, V’kovski P, Steiner S, Gultom M, Thao T, et al. Inactivation of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 by WHO-Recommended Hand Rub Formulations and Alcohols. Emerg Infect Dis. 2020;26(7):1592-1595. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2607.200915.