PPT-Genetics DNA & RNA Intro to Genetics

Early ideas about genetics Hippocrates Pangenesis Particles pangenes from each part of the body moved to the egg and sperm Changes in organisms over their lifetime would be passed on to offspring . Unit 7. Chapter 12. DNA. D. eoxyribo. n. ucleic . A. cid. RNA. R. ibo. n. ucleic . A. cid. Where does DNA “live”?. The NUCLEUS!. Why is DNA so Important?. * . DNA i. s a nucleic acid that contains the genetic information used in the development and functioning of all living things and some viruses.. Unless you have an identical twin, you, like the sisters in this picture will share some, but not all . characteristics . with family members. DNA. The . instructions. for inherited traits are called genes.. Chapters 16 and 17. Before the end of the semester we will be covering…. Historical DNA experiments. Structure of DNA/RNA. DNA Replication. Protein Synthesis (Transcription and Translation). Mutations. Stryer. Short course. Chapter 33. Nucleic Acid Structure. Nucleobase. Nucleoside. Nucleotide. Nucleic acid. Chromatin. Chromosome. Polymeric Structure. Polymer ideal for informational molecule. Ribose and deoxyribose. Nucleic Acids. What do we know already?. i. . The nucleic acids DNA and RNA are polymers of nucleotides. Nucleotides consist of 3 parts. A 5-carbon sugar – ribose or deoxyribose. A phosphate group (acidic & negatively-charged). Essential idea: The structure of DNA allows efficient storage of genetic information.. There is 2m of DNA in each human cell, however the most cells in the human body have a diameter of 10 . μm. . This DNA is divided in chromosomes and coiled around proteins called histones so that it can be efficiently stored in each cell's nucleus. The human genome project which has decoded the case sequence for the whole 2m of the human genome requires a data warehouse (pictured) to store the information electronically. This should give a good idea of just how efficient DNA is at storing information and why it needs to be so.. Objectives. State the history of genetics;. Describe major century events;. Define terms used in genetics . History of Genetics. People have known about inheritance for a long time.. --children resemble their parents. CHM . 341. Suroviec. . Fall . 2016. I. . Nucleotides, Nucleic Acids and Bases. Bases. Planar, aromatic, heterocyclic. Purine (2 rings). Pyrimidine (1 ring) . Adenine (A). Guanine (G). Thyamine (T). synthesis). A. Prokaryotes: RNA polymerase, . Promoters – sigma factor. B. Eukaryotes: RNA polymerases, . Promoters – transcription factors. . 1 strand of . dsDNA. used as template to synthesize complimentary . What do all of these organisms have in common?. . They all share a universal genetic code.. DNA and RNA are Nucleic Acids. What is a nucleic acid?. Nucleic acids are one of the major organic biomolecules.. Transformation. 1928- . Frederick Griffith . was trying to figure out how bacteria made people sick. Pneumonia. Cause of pneumonia was not a chemical poison released by disease causing bacteria. The heat killed bacteria had passed their disease-causing ability to the harmless strain. 1. . Discovered . by James Watson and Francis Crick . in 1953. 2. . Stores . genetic information for the production of proteins. 3. . Composed . of nucleotides. A) . A . nucleotide is composed of a nitrogenous base, . .. The length of the transcription bubble is about 12 to 14 . bp. , but the length of the RNA–DNA hybrid within the bubble is only 8 to 9 . bp. . As the enzyme moves along the template, the DNA duplex reforms. Structure and Replication. Chapter 11. * In the pasts, scientists argued about how genetic . information . was passed down and . influcenced. traits. . . * Some scientists believed in ". blending. " - that the .