BA II nd Year Subsidiary Introduction Mental health is an integral and essential component of health The WHO constitution states Health is a state of complete physical mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity ID: 935819
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Slide1
Definition and criteria of mental Health
B.A. II
nd
Year
(Subsidiary)
Slide2Introduction
Mental
health is an integral and essential component of health.
The
WHO constitution states: "Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity."
An
important implication of this definition is that mental health is more than just the absence of mental disorders or disabilities
.
Mental health is fundamental to our collective and individual ability as humans to think, emote, interact with each other, earn a living and enjoy life. On this basis, the promotion, protection and restoration of mental health can be regarded as a vital concern of individuals, communities and societies throughout the world.
Slide3Sometimes it’s tough to avoid feeling stressed, and pressure can build up in many areas of life (socially, in school, at home, and while making big life decisions)
Worrying about these pressures is NORMAL. But feeling VERY sad, hopeless or worthless might be a sign of a mental health problem.
Therefore Mental health refers to the:
Maintenance of successful mental activity .
This includes maintaining productive daily activities and
F
ulfilling relationships with others
M
aintaining the abilities to adapt to change and
T
o cope with stresses .
Slide4Mental health includes:
Subjective Well Being,
Perceived Self-efficacy,
Autonomy,
Competence,
International Dependence &
Self-actualization Of One’s Intellectual & Emotional Potential
Slide5Indicators
Jahoda
(1958)
has identified six indicators of mental health which include
:
1. A positive attitude towards
self
2
. Growth, development and the ability for
self-actualization
3
.
Integration
4.
Autonomy
5
. Perception of
reality
6
. Environmental
mastery
Slide6Definitions
Mental
health is a state of balance between the individual and the surrounding world. A state of harmony between oneself and others. A state of co-existence between the realities of the self and that of the other people and the environment.
Karl
Menninger (1947)
defines mental health
as:
“an adjustment of human beings to the world and to each other with a maximum of effectiveness and happiness”.
Slide7Definitions
The
American Psychiatric Association (APA, 1980)
defines mental health as:
“Simultaneous success at working, loving and creating with the capacity for mature and flexible resolution of conflicts between instincts, conscience, other important people and reality”
.
Thus mental health would include not only the absence of diagnostic labels such as schizophrenia and obsessive compulsive disorder but also the ability to cope with the stressors of daily living, freedom from anxieties and generally a positive outlook towards life’s vicissitudes and to cope with those.
Slide8Definitions
According to
World Health Organization, 2004 (WHO)
“A state of well-being in which every individual realizes his or her own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community.”
The
WHO stresses that mental health
“
is not just the absence of mental disorder.”
Slide9Definitions
Kaplan and
Sadlock
(1993)
define mental health as
:
“A condition
of well-being and the feeling in person when can come to terms with society and personal situation and social features and satisfying for him/her
.”
Merriam-Webster
defines mental health as
"
A state of emotional and psychological well-being in which an individual is able to use his or her cognitive and emotional capabilities, function in society, and meet the ordinary demands of everyday life."
Slide10Criteria of Mental Health
1
. Ability to accept self:
A
mentally healthy individual feels comfortable about himself. He feels reasonably secure and adequately accepts his surroundings. In other words, he has self-respect
.
2. Capacity to feel right towards others:
An
individual who enjoys good mental health is able to be sincerely interested in other’s welfare. He has friendships that are satisfying and lasting. He is able to feel as a part of a group without being submerged by it. He takes responsibility for his
neighbours
and his fellow members
.
Slide11Criteria of Mental Health
3. Ability
to fulfill life’s tasks:
The third important criteria of mental health is that it bestows on the individual for the ability to meet the demands of life. A mentally healthy person is able to think for himself, set reasonable goals and take his own decisions. He does something about the problems as they arise. He shoulders his daily responsibilities and is not bowled over by his own emotions of fear, anger, love and guilt
.
4. Adequate contact with reality
This includes perception of the environment without distortion as well as the capacity for empathy and social sensitivity, a respect and concern for the wants and needs of others.
Slide12Criteria of Mental Health
5
. Control
of thoughts and
imagination
this include that whether the individual can easily control or manage his thoughts and imagination and in appropriate way. Derailment of thoughts or others thought disorders are not present.
6.Efficiency
in work and
play
This correlates whether the individual successfully achieves the tasks associated with each level of development.
Slide137. Social acceptance
This suggests that the individual has achieved a satisfactory role within the group, society and environment. He is able to love and accept the love of others.
8
.
Positive self-respect
This includes an objective view of self, including knowledge and acceptance of strengths and limitations. The individual feels a strong sense of personal identity and security within the environment.
9. A healthy emotional life.
Ability to adaptively respond to the environment and the development of a philosophy of life, both of which help the individual maintain anxiety at a manageable level in response to stressful situations.
Slide14Characteristic of mentally healthy person
He has an ability to make adjustments.
He
has a sense of personal worth, feels worthwhile & important.
He
solves his problems largely by his own effort & make his own decisions.
He
has a sense of personal security & feels secure in a group, shows understanding of other people’ s problems & motives.
He
has a sense of responsibility.
He
can give & accept love.
He
lives in a world of reality rather than fantasy.
He
shows emotional maturity in his behavior, and develops a capacity to tolerate frustration & disappointments in his daily life.
He
has developed a philosophy of life that gives meaning & purpose to his daily activities.
He
has a variety of interests & generally lives a well-balanced life of work
, rest
& recreation
Slide15References
World Health Organization
. (2004)
Promoting mental health: concepts, emerging evidence, practice (Summary Report) Geneva: World Health
Organization
Galderisi
, S., Heinz, A.,
Kastrup
, M.,
Beezhold
, J., & Sartorius, N. (2015). Toward a new definition of mental health.
World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA)
,
14
(2), 231–233. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20231
Jahoda
M
.(1958).
Current concepts of positive mental health. New York: Basic
Books
.
Grob
, G. N. (2014).
From asylum to community: Mental health policy in modern America
. Princeton University Press.