Pottery or clay sculpture fired at high temperatures in a kiln to make them harder and stronger Ceramics Around the World Ceramics have been used throughout the world for tens of thousands of years ID: 684650
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CERAMICSSlide2
What is Ceramics?
Pottery or clay sculpture fired at high temperatures in a kiln to make them harder and stronger
Slide3
Ceramics Around the World
Ceramics have been used, throughout the world, for tens of thousands of years.
Archeologists have uncovered human-made ceramics in the form of animal and human figurines that date back to at least 24,000 BC. Slide4
Examples of African and
Middle Eastern Ceramics
Saudi
Arabia
Democratic Republic
of Congo
Iran
Egypt
1800 BCSlide5
Examples of Asian Ceramics
Korea
China – Ming Dynasty
1300 AD
Terra Cotta Warriors
210 BCSlide6
Examples of North and
South American Ceramics
Peru (Incan)
400 AD
United States (Native American Pueblo)Slide7
Examples of European Ceramics
Greece
Netherlands
(Delftware)Slide8
Examples of Contemporary CeramicsSlide9
Examples of Contemporary CeramicsSlide10
BASIC
Materials
Kiln: a specially designed oven capable of reaching temperatures over 2000° F (can be electric, gas, or wood-fired)
Clay: moist, sticky dirt (mud) composed of fine-grained minerals, which can be shaped when wet and hardened when dried or heated
Tools
: mainly used to shape claySlide11
Common Types of Clay
Earthenware
: clay fired at relatively low temperatures (1800°F-2100°F), often contains iron and has a porous surface when fired
Stoneware: a buff, gray or brown clay which is heavy, opaque, and highly plastic in nature with a high firing temperature (2200°F-2400°F)
Porcelain
: a very fine white clay with a high firing temperature (2200°F-2550°F), is non-porous, strong, and translucent when firedSlide12
Tools, Tools, Tools….
modeling tools
hands
wire clay cutter
loop tools
ribs
spongeSlide13
Clay Shaping Methods
Wheel Throwing
Slip CastingHand BuildingSlide14
Slip Cast CeramicsSlide15
Hand Building
Pinch Pot
Coil ConstructionSlab ConstructionSlide16
Pinch Pot
Pinching is a pottery technique fundamental to manipulating clay. Making a pinch pot consists of
pressing the thumb into a ball of clay, and drawing the clay out into a pot by repeatedly squeezing the clay between the thumb and fingers. Slide17
Pinch PotsSlide18
Coil Construction
Coils are long, snake-like ropes of clay that are used in making pottery. It involves building the walls of a form with a series of coils into the required shape. The surface can either remain coil-textured or they can be smoothed
. Slide19
How to make a coil potSlide20
Coil CeramicsSlide21
Some advanced coil ceramicsSlide22Slide23Slide24Slide25Slide26
Stages of Clay
Wet clay
: soft/plastic clay
Leather hard (greenware):
clay is dry enough to maintain form and wet enough to be smoothed, carved, and added to
Bone dry (greenware
): clay has dried as much as possible before first firing and is extremely brittle
Bisque: first firing where all remaining water molecules are released from the clay transforming it into ceramic (Why are air bubbles dangerous during a bisque fire?)
Glazed: second firing where glaze has melted into the ceramic surface making it non-porousSlide27
Clean-Up
Hazards of clay dust:
Silica particles = extremely tiny pieces of glass, which became airborne and easily inhaled….extremely hazardous to lungsSolution:
WET clean-up prevents dust from building up and becoming airborneUse wet sponges, spray bottles, wet paper towelSlide28
So what we are doing today…
I will demo how to start to make a coil pot.
We will then use some time to experiment with the material of clay and get used to using it.