PPT-Rearrangement vs. Point Mutations

By Karl Menzel Is rearrangements or Point Mutations Faster Synteny Blocks and Chromosomes Mouse Human Chimp Human Data Reading and Sliding Window Human vs Chimp Human vs Mouse. What Are Mutations?. Mutation: . Changes . in the nucleotide sequence of . DNA. Mutagen: . A physical or chemical agent that changes DNA. Mutation May . occur . in:. somatic cells (body cells): . will not be . The sequence of bases in DNA are like the letters of a coded message or even the letters of a simple alphabet. . If we change the sequence of the letters do we change the nature of the message?. That . Understand how they occur. Analyze the different types of mutations. Understand how mutations affect amino acid sequences and proteins. Objective. Central Dogma. DNA is transcribed into RNA, RNA is translated into proteins. The types of proteins an organism possesses depend upon the . sequence of nucleotides. The two main types of gene mutations include:. Point mutation: one base pair is replaced for another base pair.. Conditional mutations. Point mutations. In . point mutations . the sequence of the DNA has been altered at a single position. Where this change consists of replacing one nucleotide by another, it is known as a . Main idea: Gene expression is regulated by the cell, and mutations can affect this expression. Gene Regulation . Cells have the ability to control which genes are transcribed and when they are transcribed. MISTAKES IN DNA. A MISTAKE CAN BE:. 1. A point mutation – substitution, addition, or removal of a single DNA base.. 2. A . frameshift. mutation – . a point mutation due to an addition . or deletion of a DNA base that causes a major change in the genetic code.. hM3D(. Gq. ) . is . Gq. coupled DREADD. It is derived from human . muscarinic. receptor M3 sequence with two point mutations (. Y149C, A239G. ). hM. 4. D(. Gi. ) . is . Gi. coupled DREADD. It is derived from human . Science. Learning intention. To understand the different types of mutations. . You will need. A pen and a piece of paper or a laptop to record your answers. . You may need the internet to search for answers. . . Dr. Geeta Singh. Assistant Professor. Department of Chemistry. D.D.U. Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur. 1. . Introduction. Pinacol-Pinacolone Reaction. Mechanism of Pinacol-Pinacolone Reaction. Examples of Pinacol-Pinacolone Reaction. Kuheli. . Pramanik. Asst. Professor. Department of Chemistry. Kharagpur College. Rearrangement reactions. Rearrangement reactions. Migration to. Electron rich system. Electron deficient system. To carbon center. Dr. Geeta Singh. Assistant Professor. Department of Chemistry. D.D.U. Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur. 1. . CONTENTS. History . of Hoffmann. Hoffmann . Rearrangement. Mechanism. semidine. Rearrangement. When . hydrazobenzene. is treated with acids (ethanolic HCl), it is converted into a mixture of benzidine (~75%) and diphenylene (~25%) . Study with wide variety of substituted . There are two basic types of mutations:. Gene mutations - mutations that produce changes in a single gene. Chromosomal mutations - mutations that produce changes in whole chromosomes. Gene mutations .