Main Idea Details Notemaking The Ottoman Empire to 1750 Expansion and Frontiers Longest lasting of the postMongol Muslim Empire Founded around 1300 and lasting until the end of WWI 1919 ID: 587431
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Slide1
Ch.19 SW Asia 1500-1750, Three Muslim EmpiresSlide2
Main Idea
Details
Notemaking
The Ottoman
Empire to 1750
Expansion and Frontiers
Longest lasting of the post-Mongol Muslim
Empire. Founded around 1300 and lasting until the end of WWI (1919)
Periods of change and problems reveal problems of all large land-based empires.
Empire grew because of:
1) founder
Osman
2) strategic link between Europe and
Asia
3) cavalry and gunpowder based military
First conquered Greece, the Balkans and Constantinople in 1453 ending the Byzantine empire and renaming the city Istanbul.Slide3
Main Idea
Details
Notemaking
Rule
Military
The
sultan
presided over the empire and
pashas
administered and collected taxes in the provinces.
Grand Vizier
advised the sultan
.
Suleiman the Magnificent (r. 1520-66) was greatest ruler and known as the “lawgiver.”
Known as the “golden age” of empire.
Acquired slave soldiers from Christian territories in the
Balkans
, called
janissaries
. Since they were Christian they didn’t have a problem attacking other Muslims. Since they didn’t have a culture of riding horseback and
bowmanship
they readily adopted firearms and fighting on foot
.
Devshirme
(selection) was the system of imposing a levy of young boys from the Balkans and training them to become janissaries, military commanders and government officials as high as the grand vizier.Slide4
Main Idea
Details
Notemaking
Society
Economics
Religion
cosmopolitan
Jews and Muslims expelled from Spain after 1492 sought refuge in Ottoman territory.
Sultan saw his role as providing justice and military protection for his “
raya
” (flock of sheep
).
In late 1500s, an influx of silver from the Americas caused high inflation and hardship to those living on fixed government income and led to frequent revolts.
Coffee from the Arabian port of Mocha became the rage and later spread to Europe.
After 1650 the sultan lived in his palace and had little contact with the outside world. Grand vizier and janissaries gained increased power. Land grants in exchange for military service disappeared.
The “
Tulip Period”
(1718-1730) began a craze for high priced tulip bulbs from Holland. The elite had European tastes in clothing, furniture and books
.
Majority of Balkans converted to Islam
Muhammad
ibn
Abd
al-
Wahhab
began a conservative form of Islam in Arab known as “
Wahabbism
”Slide5
go
Main Idea
Details
Notemaking
The
Safavid
Empire
1502-1722
Society and Religion
Land based
Shi’ite
muslim
empire based in Iran.
Shah Ismail founded the empire in 1502 and declared it
Shi’ite
. Iran became a truly separate country surrounded by Sunni
muslim
neighbors.
Founders known as “redheads” because of their distinctive turbans.
Chief rival of the Ottoman empire.
Persian emerged as the second language of Islam.
the post-Mongol period was filled with artistic creativity seen in turquoise mosaics in mosques.
Madrasas
trained the
ulama
to interpret the
shari’a
.
Shi’ites
believe in
“the Hidden Imam”
(idea that the 12
th
descendant of Ali disappeared and will one day return to rule Islam).
The
ulama
hold independent and important political power in Iran.
The martyrdom of
Husayn
is remembered by large processions in the streets of self-flagellating men.Slide6
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Main Idea
Details
Notemaking
Isfahan and Istanbul
Economics
Military
Shah
Abbas
“the
great”declared
Isfahan the capital of Iran in 1598.
Isfahan was land locked and not frequently visited by Europeans as opposed to Istanbul. Istanbul was more cosmopolitan.
Both lacked wheeled vehicles and both were built for walking. Both lacked wide open spaces and had irregular narrow streets.
Women were seldom seen in public. The
harem
(forbidden area) were the women’s area of the house.
Both men and women dressed modestly covering up most of their bodies and hair.
Despite official disapproval, homosexuality between older men and younger boys was not unusual nor hidden.
Carpets and silk fabrics were main export
In the late 1600s, inflation from the
influx of silver
spread into Iran and the silk monopoly was mismanaged after Shah
Abbas
’ death.
Like Ottomans, lacked a powerful navy, relied on Christian convert slave corps to adopt guns but had problems paying military forces and government officials due to inflation and the empire collapsed in 1722 when the Afghans invaded.Slide7
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Main Idea
Details
Notemaking
The
Mughal
Empire
1526-1761
Politics
Society
Religion
Mughal
sultans reigned over largely Hindu population of India, distinct from largely
muslim
Ottoman and
Safavid
populations. Had to find co-existence between ancient Hindu practices and Islam.
Babur (1483-1530) founded the empire, a descendent of the Mongol ruler
Timur
in Afghanistan. “
Mughal
” is
persian
for “Mongol” .
Akbar “the Great” expanded empire to the southern tip of India and promoted Hindu-Muslim coexistence, even marrying a Hindu princess. Possibly ruled the wealthiest empire of the 16
th
century due to the cotton trade
.
lacked
a powerful navy. Used Dutch and English trade ships for military support in exchange for trade privileges.
Rajputs
were Hindu princes who held positions of power in
Mughal
government
.
The
Taj
Mahal
is an architectural example of the blending of Hindu and Muslim culture.
Urdu is the blending of Persian and Hindu language
.
Lower social castes converted to
Islam
Sikhism
founded by Nanak blended Hindu and Muslim beliefs and had an “army of the pure” who didn’t cut hair, wore turbans and bracelets, and carried sword to prove devotion.Slide8
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Main Idea
Details
Notemaking
Ottoman,
Safavid
, and
Mughal
Decline
New Trade Empires in the East
All three Muslim empires collapsed due to their inability to adjust to complex changes in military technology and the global economy.
Europeans had advantage due to ship design, use of the cannon on ships, and joint-stock companies allowed for efficiency and
flexiblity
in adapting to new global financial system.
the Portuguese took over previously Muslim controlled trade zones along the Swahili coast of Africa.
The Dutch emerged as a new global trade power and took over Portuguese controlled areas of Java and the East Indies.Slide9
The Taj
MahalSlide10
Persian CarpetSlide11
Persian MosqueSlide12
JanissariesSlide13
Ottoman EmpireSlide14
Gunpowder EmpiresSlide15
Sikh guySlide16
South Park Sikh