CHAPTER 25 INDIA SUBCONTINENT C 50 million years ago landmass breaks off of Africa and collides into Asia Collision creates Himalaya Mountains worlds highest at 29029 ft Himalaya meet Karakoram Range and Hindu Kush in the west ID: 600143
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UNIT 7: SOUTH ASIASlide2
CHAPTER 25: INDIASlide3
SUBCONTINENT
C. 50 million years ago: landmass breaks off of Africa and collides into Asia
Collision creates Himalaya Mountains (world’s highest at 29,029
ft
)
Himalaya meet Karakoram Range and Hindu Kush in the west
These mts separate South Asia from the rest of AsiaSlide4
GANGETIC PLAIN
At the foot of the Himalaya
World’s longest alluvial plain
Most densely populated part of IndiaSlide5
RIVERS
3 major river systems:
1) Ganges River: sacred river; heavy flooding during monsoon
2) Brahmaputra River: joins the Ganges in Bangladesh; empties into Bay of Bengal
3) Indus River: flows mainly through PakistanSlide6
HUMAN GEOGRAPHYSlide7
INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION
4,500 years ago in modern-day Pakistan (Indus River)
Aryans move in (2000s B.C.)
Aryans create
caste system
Caste is a social position into which you are born
Aryans brought the Vedas, sacred texts that form the basis for HinduismSlide8
GUPTA EMPIRE TO MOGULS
C. 320 A.D.
United much of India and built one of the most advanced civilizations
700s: Muslim invaders arrive
Mogul Empire was a mix of Mongol and Turkish heritage
Many Indians converted to IslamSlide9
EUROPEANS
1490s: Euros begin arriving
Eventually, British East India Company gets tight control of India
Employ policy of
MERCANTILISM
: merchant or trading pursuits
Colonies supply raw materials to parent country, which then sells finished goods back to the colonySlide10
BRITISH RAJ
Name for British India
While the Brits restructured the education system, built railroads, and developed a civil service, they treated the Indians poorly
Imperialist policy of Britain was “paternalism”---treat the colonies as your childrenSlide11
MOHANDAS K. GANDHI
Late 1800s: Indian National Congress calls for independence
Violence against Indians by the British (Amritsar Massacre)
Mohandas K. Gandhi helps lead non-violent protests (civil disobedience) against British
Leads to independence in 1947
India is divided into Hindu India and Muslim Pakistan
Conflicts btwn 2 countries even todaySlide12
AFTER INDEPENDENCE
1
st
Prime Minister of India: Jawaharlal Nehru
Nehru maintains neutrality during Cold War
Nehru’s daughter becomes PM and is assassinated in 1984
Her son, Rajiv, becomes PM; pursues closer relationship with U.S.Assassinated in 1991Slide13
CULTURESlide14
HINDUISM
80% of population
Believe in
reincarnation
: rebirth
Multiple rebirths allows a person to overcome personal weaknesses
KARMA: the sum of good and bad actions in one’s present and past livesLaw of Karma---good deeds in accordance with dharma (rules and conduct) lead one to attain moksha (salvation/freedom)Slide15
OTHER RELIGIONS
13% are Muslim
1% are Buddhist
Christians
Sikh: live mostly in NW India; believe in a formless, almighty god who can be known through meditation; forbids discrimination of any kind