Offending Randy Shively PhD Director of Research and Clinical Development Alvis Columbus Ohio Sex Offender Characteristics Needy Immature Manipulative Secretive Controlling Domineering ID: 555999
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Slide1
Nature and Scope of Sexual Offending
Randy Shively, Ph.D.
Director of Research and Clinical Development
Alvis, Columbus, OhioSlide2
Sex Offender Characteristics
Needy; Immature
Manipulative; Secretive
Controlling; Domineering
Poor Social Skills; Sexualize RelationshipsSlide3
Sex Offender Characteristics
Shame for Offense; Not want to discuss
Blame others and system for being at AH
Broken family relationships
Violence and Domestic ViolenceSlide4
Sex Offender Characteristics
Poor communication and relationship skills
Very poor self esteem- feels insignificant
Untreated mental health issues
Anger directed at Staff and SystemSlide5
Sex Offender Facts
Percentage of Sex Offenders who will commit another sex offense- 2.7
%
Percentage of Sex Offenders who will commit another crime- 70
%
Percentage of sexual offenses that occur while living in a supervised setting- 60%
NCMEC
, 2013Slide6
It is estimated that 60% of sexual assaults are not reported to the police
Approximately 2/3 of rapes were committed by someone known to the victim
38% of rapists are a friend or acquaintance
28% of rapists are intimate partners.Slide7
Victims of Sex Offenders Incarcerated in Ohio
79% 17 years old or younger
56% 12 years old or younger
87% female
85% knew the offenderSlide8
Misunderstanding of the Issues
Sex Offending is a very misunderstood area for most of the public- it is not often repeated as other crimes;
Many of the sex offender rules do not protect the public- they places barriers for the sex offender
Most sex offenses do not happen with strangers but people well known to the victimsSlide9
Proportionally More Sex Offenses
Higher proportion of sex offenses with DD population among all types of offenses when compared to the non-DD offender population
Why? Why? Why?Slide10
Why more sex offenses?
Fewer dating opportunities
Belief in ID world that those with cognitive delays are asexual
Less tolerance of sexual deviance in community
Poor social skills-poor decision makingSlide11
5 years
10 years
15 years
All sex offenders
14%
20%
24%
Rapists
14%
21%
24%
“Girl Victim” Child Molesters
9%
13%
16%
“Boy Victim” Child Molesters
23%
28%
35%
Over 50 years old at release7%11%12%Under 50 years old at release15%21%26%
Harris and Hanson (2004)Slide12
RNR Model in Corrections-All Offenders
Risk
-
Who
do we need to target for treatment- target moderate to high risk offender
Needs-
What
dynamic life areas relate to recidivism and which can be altered through active programs,
ie
. substance abuse
Responsivity-
How?
Individual differences in clients which need to be considered when presenting programs (
ie
. Motivation, ID, mental health)Slide13
Ohio Risk Assessment System- ORAS
Risk Areas to Recidivate
Family/Marital
Accommodation
Companions
Alcohol/Drug Problems
Emotional/Personal
Antisocial/Criminal Attitudes
Slide14
RISK
FACTORS-SEX OFFENDING
Prior sex offenses
Diverse sex crimes
Deviant sexual interest
Sexual preoccupation
Antisocial orientation/psychopathy
Victim characteristics (male, stranger, unrelated)
History of rule violations (non-compliance with supervision, violation of conditional release)
Attitudes tolerant of sex crimes
Emotional identification with children
Conflicts with intimate partners or lack of intimate partner
Psychopathy and deviance combinedSlide15
Non-DD Sex Offenders - Typology
Rapists/Violence
Pedophiles/Child Victims
Immature/Date Rape
Pornography Violations-importuning/downloading underageSlide16
DD Sex Offenders in Treatment
Underage victims- Pedophilia and poor discrimination of age
Impulsive in general- violate rules and people impulsively
Anger/control/rape- retaliation or control of others drives their offending
Pornography- internet violationsSlide17
There are no pure categories within sexual offending categories alone.
Colorado study:
25.7% assaulted both genders
50% crossed over juvenile/adult
CROSSOVERSlide18
Subtypes of Paraphilias
Exhibitionism
Fetishism
Froteurism
Pedophilia
Sexual Sadism/ Masochism
VoyeurismSlide19
Deviance or Disability?
Are the behaviors being assess representative of a sexual pathology (paraphilia) or are they symptomatic of environmental factors and/or poor understanding of sexual situations and social consequences?
Labeling someone sexually deviant can be a life sentence!Slide20
Assessing Paraphilias: Questions
Is the behavior (problems) part of a preferred sexual pattern?
Are the behaviors present when there is no active mental health disorder?
Is the behavior(s) part of a recurrent pattern?
Was the onset earlier in life?Slide21
ID Specific Risk Areas
ID Specific Risk Factors in Literature:
Lack social skills History of Delinquency
Impulsive Low Self Esteem
Substance Abuse Poor Response to
treatment
Phenix
and
Screenivasan
,2009Slide22
ID Specific Risk Areas
ID Risk Issues:
Psychiatric History Unemployment
Sexual Deviance Antisocial Attitudes
History of Delinquency Susceptible to others influence
Phenix
and
Screenivasan
, 2009Slide23
Coming to Treatment
Usually partial to total denial of sexual offense- roll with resistance (MI model)
Usually referred for treatment out of court mandate or program mandate- forced choice
A lot of thinking errors and social behavior problems related to offenseSlide24
Society Believes Most Sex Offenders are Molesters of Children- Untrue
Small Percentage- 20% or less of DD sex offenders
Pedophiles are not to be trusted around children- they say they can not trust themselves
Need life long accountability and counselingSlide25
There are two basic categories of child molesters:
The first is the
situational molester
whose sexual preference is not solely children.
He perceives himself as entitled to sex and is likely to have a history of varied crimes.
He may abuse other vulnerable populations, e.g., elderly, sick, developmentally disabled.
He frequently offends readily available children to whom he has easy access.Slide26
The second category is the
preferential molester
.
This child molester has definite sexual inclinations toward children, with sexual fantasies and imagery focusing on children.
He has sex with children because of the sexual attraction and arousal.
The problem is not only the nature of the sexual attraction, but also the need to have repeated and frequent sex.
The preferential molester has the potential to abuse large numbers of victims.Slide27
Know Your Client- Best Risk Protection
What motivates him/her?
Do they know they have a problem related to risk?
What are their blind spots?
What are their strengths/needs? How can you build off their strengths?Slide28
Contact Information
Randy Shively, Ph.D.- Alvis
randy.shively@alvis180.org
Slide29
References
Seligman, L. 1998.
Selecting effective treatments: A comprehensive guide to treating mental disorders
.
Jossey
-Bass, Inc.: San Francisco, CA.
Quinsey
, V., Harris, G., Rice, M., and Cormier, C. 1998.
Violent offenders: Appraising and managing risk.
American Psychological Association: Washington, DC.
Center for Sex Offender Management. 2000. Myths and facts about sex offenders. (csom.org/pubs/
mythsfacts
)
Harris, J., and Hanson, RK. 2004. Sex offender recidivism: A simple question. Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness: Canada.(www.psepc-sppcc.gc.ca)Slide30
References, Cont’d
Heil
, P.,
Ahlmeyer
, S., and Simons, D. 2003. Crossover sexual offenses. A Journal of Research and Treatment,
vol
15(4).
US
Dept
of Justice. Full report of the prevalence, incidence and consequences of violence against women. (ojp.usdoj.gov/
nij
).
Dornin
, C. 2010. Facts and fiction about sex offenders. University of Cincinnati. (corrections.com/news/article/24500-facts-and-fiction-about-sex-offenders).Slide31
References- cont’d
National Association for the Dually Diagnosed. 2007.
Diagnostic manual- intellectual disability: A clinical guide for the diagnosis of mental disorders in persons with intellectual disability
. Kingston, NY
.
Griffiths, D. and
Lunsky
, Y. (2003). Socio-sexual Knowledge and Attitudes Assessment Tool-Revised. Wood Dale, Illinois:
Stoelting
Co.
Boer et al. (2012). Assessment
of Risk and
Manageabilty
of
Individuals
with Developmental and Intellectual Limitations who Sexually Offend (ARMIDILO-S
).