SOUTH AMERICA - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

SOUTH AMERICA

Session - 4Slide2

Session 4 - Agenda

Cover South America facts – Major Landforms

,

Rivers

,

Historic

information,

Major Countries

and

Cities

,

Major

National Parks and UNESCO sites (60 minutes)

Discuss Current Events – Each student will mention their fact and then teacher will discuss the rest from the prepared slides. (30 minutes)

Break (10 minutes)

Quiz on Session 4 topics plus previous Week topics (20 minutes)Slide3

Countries

Country

-- Language

--

Capital

Argentina

--

Spanish --

Buenos

Aires

Bolivia

--

Spanish -- La Paz

(administrative)

-- Sucre (constitutional)

Brazil

--

Portuguese

--

Brasília

Chile

--

Spanish -- Santiago

Colombia

--

Spanish -- Bogotá

Ecuador -- Spanish

--

Quito

Guyana -- English --

GeorgetownSlide4

Countries

Country

-- Language

--

Capital

Paraguay

--

Spanish -- Asunción

Peru

--

Spanish -- Lima

Suriname

--

Dutch -- Paramaribo

Uruguay

--

Spanish -- Montevideo

Venezuela

--

Spanish -- Caracas

Falkland Islands (British overseas territory) -- English -- Stanley

South Georgia

and

South Sandwich Islands (British overseas territory) -- English -- King Edward Point

French Guiana (Overseas region of France) -- French – CayenneSlide5

Countries

&

BoundariesSlide6

Extremes

Largest Country



Brazil

Smallest

Country



Suriname

Highest

Peak



Aconcagua, Argentina (22,830

ft

above sea

level) . This is the

highest

point in

Southern

and Western Hemisphere.

Lowest Point



Laguna del

Carbon

, Argentina (344.5

ft

below sea level

)Slide7

Landforms

Andes Mountain

Ranges

- longest continental mountain range in the world.

Los Llanos

- tropical flooded grassland plain of savannas biome around Orinoco river Guiana

Highlands

Amazon

basin - largest rainforest in the world.

Brazilian Shield

-

large portion of the eastern part of the continent

Brazilian Highlands

- approximately half of the Brazil's land area.Pantanal - world's largest tropical wetland area.Slide8

Landforms.. cont

Pampas

- Fertile South American lowlands, Most of Uruguay in in pampas

Patagonia

- The region comprises the southern section of the Andes mountains as well as the deserts, steppes and grasslands east of this southern portion of the Andes. Most part a region of

steppe like plains.

Atacama

Desert

- driest non-polar desert in the world. Most of the desert is composed of stony terrain, salt

lakes,

sand, and felsic lava that flows towards the Andes.

Mato

Grosso – Plateau in central Brazil mostly savanna and woodland biome.Slide9

Major Rivers

Amazon River

: A major South American river. It's the second longest river in the world and one of its three major river systems, running about 4,000 miles from the west to east and emptying into the Atlantic Ocean.

Rio Sao Francisco :

A river in Brazil, which originates in the state of Minas

Gerais

. It usually runs north behind the coastal range.

Madeira River :

A Brazilian River in South America. one of the world's longest tributaries and the Amazon's River longest tributary.Slide10

Major Rivers

Magdalena River:

The principal river of Colombia in South America. The river that runs through and splits Columbia in half.

Negro River :

The largest left tributary of the Amazon and the largest

blackwater

river in the world.

River Paraguay :

One of the major rivers in South America that runs through Brazil and Argentina and Paraguay. The river forms a border between Brazil and Bolivia and Paraguay and Argentina.Slide11

Major Rivers

Rio Tocantins :

A river in Brazil; it's not a branch of the Amazon. The river rises at

Pireneus

a mountainous district that is west of the Federal District.

Ucayali River :

The river rises approximately 70 miles north of Lake Titicaca in South America, was first called San Miguel.

Xingu River :

The easternmost river leading into Amazon. It is also known as Rio Xingu.Slide12

Major Rivers

Orinoco River :

Mainly in Venezuela, flowing for more than 1500 miles north to the Atlantic Ocean. At the mouth of the river a delta is formed, which branches off into hundreds of rivers and waterways through swampy forests.

Parana River :

One of the three major river systems in Central South America. It runs through Paraguay and Argentina for about 1600 miles. The length of river increases to about 2484 miles if the headwaters of river in Brazil is counted. It's second in size to the Amazon River in South America.Slide13

Major Cities in Brazil

São Paulo

(

largest city in the

America’s)

Rio de Janeiro

(

Maracanã

Stadium - world's largest football stadiums; Guanabara Bay; Sugarloaf Mountain; Christ

the Redeemer atop Corcovado mountain)

Belo

Horizonte

(Pampulha

Complex) Porto Alegre (on a delta resulting from the junction of five rivers, called Guaíba Lake )

Brasília

(

capital of Brazil from 1960

)

Salvador

(

first capital of Brazil and remained so until

1763 when it moved to Rio

)

Recife

(

major port on the Atlantic Ocean

)

Fortaleza

(

Leading cities in the Northeast region along Recife and

Salvador)

Curitiba (successful cattle trade city)Manaus (middle of the Amazon rainforest, 2+ Million) Slide14

Facts /Attractions in Brazil

The name Brazil comes from a tree named

brazilwood

.

Brazil shares a border with all South American countries except for Chile and Ecuador.

Around 60% of the Amazon Rainforest is located in Brazil.

Thousands of species live in the river, including the infamous piranha and the

boto

, or pink river dolphin.The Amazon River is the world’s largest by volume of water discharged and 2nd

longest after Nile in Africa.

Magnificent Iguassu Falls on the border between Argentina and Brazil in Iguassu National Park.

Rio de Janeiro's world famous Carnival is world's wildest street party.

Sao Paulo biggest cosmopolitan city in all of South America and has largest economy by GDP of any city in the Southern Hemisphere. Slide15

Facts /Attractions in Brazil... Cont.

São Vicente, near Sao Paulo, is the oldest city in Brazil and was Portugal’s first permanent settlement in the Americas.

Brazil’s highest mountain is the Pico da

Neblina

(Mist Peak), on the border with Venezuela,

Brasilia, the country’s capital, took just 41 months to build, from 1956 to 1960 (Rio had been the capital for the previous 197 years).

Brazil has been the world’s largest exporter of coffee for 150 years.

The statue of Christ the Redeemer in Rio de Janeiro was named one of the “New Seven Wonders of the World” in 2007. One of the most famous mountains in the world is the Corcovado located in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Manaus, is located in the middle of the Amazon rainforest, Rubber made it South America’s richest city in the late 1800s and lured many wealthy Europeans. Slide16

Major Cities in Argentina

Buenos Aires

(

2nd largest metropolitan area in SA, after Greater São

Paulo)

Córdoba

(

many historical monuments preserved from Spanish colonial

rule)Rosario (

major industrial corridor

& ships

reach the city

via Paraná River)

Mendoza (city is a frequent stopover for climbers on their way to Aconcagua ) Tucumán (located on slopes of

Aconquija

mountains)

La

Plata

(Buenos Aires’ Little

Sister

)

Mar del Plata

(

major fishing ports and the biggest seaside beach resort

)

Salta

(

in

the Lerma Valley, foothills of

Andes and

known for its preserved colonial architecture)Santa Fe (junction of the Paraná and Salado rivers) San Juan (

a modern city 

)

Slide17

Facts / Attractions in Argentina

Argentina's highest point is

Mt

Aconcagua in

Mendoza province,

also the highest point in

Southern

&

Western Hemispheres.The lowest point is Laguna del Carbón in the San Julián Great Depression, Santa Cruz province also the lowest point in the Southern and Western Hemispheres, and the seventh lowest point on

Earth

Iguazú

National Park, waterfalls and

jungle

on the border of Brazil and Argentina.Bariloche, is the largest ski centre in Latin America.Nahuel

Huapi

Lake is a lake in the region of northern

Patagonia.

Los

Glaciares

National Park, everlasting glaciers

.

Pampas, a massive and hugely fertile alluvial plain located in the center east

.Slide18

Facts / Attractions in Argentina.. Cont..

Los

Alerces

National Park in central Patagonia. Patagonia, a large southern plateau consisting mostly of arid, rocky steppes to the east, moister cold grasslands to the south and dense

subantarctic

forests to the west

.

Inca and colonial sites in

Humahuaca, the Calchaquí Valleys, Iruya, Tilcara.

A

gaucho is a South American cowboy from the Pampas region of Argentina as well as other parts of southern South America

.

The dance and music known as Tango originated in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Influenced by both African and European music styles, Tango was created by the working class of the Rio de la Plata region.

Francis, the first pope from the New World, was born and raised in Argentina.Pato is the national sport, an ancient horseback game played on horseback that combines elements from polo and basketball.Slide19

Major Cities in Chile

Santiago

(

capital city since colonial times on the banks of fast-flowing

Mapocho

River)

Concepción

( industrialized city of the country)

Valparaíso

(

South Pacific's most important

seaports

)La Serena (fastest-growing city in Chile)Antofagasta (Formerly part of Bolivia, and now a major mining area of

Chile)

Temuco

(

hub

for agricultural, livestock

&

forestry

operations)

Iquique

(

one of only two free ports of Chile other one is Punta

Arenas)

Rancagua

(

El

Teniente

, the largest underground copper mine in the world)Puerto Montt (gateway to the Chiloé Archipelago and Chiloé Island across the Chacao

Channel ;

hub of one of the largest salmon aquaculture industries in the world.

Arica

(

Chile's northernmost city, on the border with

Peru)Slide20

Facts / Attractions in Chile

The major group indigenous people of Chile are the

Mapuche

. Chile

gained independence from Spain in 1810

.

The Atacama Desert is a plateau in South America, covering a 1,000-kilometre (600 mi) strip of land on the Pacific coast, west of the Andes mountains. It is the driest non-polar desert in the world

The Chuquicamata is the biggest open pit copper mine in the world and Escondida is a copper mine in the Atacama Desert

Nevado

Ojos del Salado is a massive stratovolcano in the Andes on the Argentina–Chile border and the highest active volcano in the world . It is also the second highest mountain in the Western Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere

. World’s

highest lake is Crater Island, located at

Nevado Ojos del Salado. Mountains cover about 80% of the country, with the Andes Mountains running along eastern Chile. There are more than 30 active volcanoes in Chile, notably Lascar and Llaima.February 27, 2010 earthquake in Chile was measured at 8.8 on

Richter

scale

&

was felt over 80% of the country

80% of South America’s glaciers lie in Chile. The largest glaciers of Chile are the Northern and Southern Patagonian Ice Fields.

Torres del Paine National Park is a national park encompassing mountains, glaciers, lakes, and rivers in southern Chilean Patagonia.

Augusto Pinochet was a military leader and President of Chile and during his 17 year presidency, Chile had significant economic rise of Chile, and the torture and death of many Chileans too.Slide21

Major Cities in Venezuela

Caracas

(federal

capital; Teresa Carreño Cultural

Complex

;

Simon

Bolivar birthplace) Maracaibo (

on the western shore of the strait that connects Lake Maracaibo to the Gulf of

Venezuela)

Valencia

(

economic hub) Barquisimeto (on the banks of Turbio River ;  important urban, industrial, commercial and transportation center )

Maracay

(

Garden

City)

Ciudad Guayana

(

lies south of the Orinoco, where the river is joined by the

Caroní

River.

one

of Venezuela's five most important ports, onto the Atlantic Ocean via the Orinoco river.

Barcelona

(

historic sites that tell about various battles between the Spanish and Natives for its colonization

) Slide22

Facts / Attractions in Venezuela

Angel Falls in Venezuela is the world's highest uninterrupted waterfall.

The

waterfall drops over the edge of the

Auyantepui

mountain in the

Canaima

National Park.

The falls are on the Gauja River (alternatively known as the Kerep River or Kerepacupai

), which flows into the

Churun

River, a tributary of the

Carrao

River.Columbus explored Venezuela on his third voyage in 1498, the area was inhabited by Arawak, Carib, & Chibcha Indians.Falling within the tropics, Venezuela sits closer to the Equator, in the Northern Hemisphere.

Mestizos

make up fifty percent of the population while the rest is constituted by Africans and the indigenous people.Slide23

Facts / Attractions in Venezuela

Lake

Maracaibo is a large brackish bay that is connected to the Gulf of Venezuela by

Tablazo

Strait at the northern end, and fed by numerous rivers, the largest being the

Catatumbo

.

Tributaries

of the Orinoco, the largest being the Caroní, joins at Puerto Ordaz, close to the Llovizna Falls.The

boto

or Amazon river dolphin and the giant river otter

animal inhabit in the

Orinoco River system.

The Orinoco crocodile is one of the rarest reptiles in the world.Venezuela is one of the world's top oil exporting countries, according to the Energy Information Administration.Slide24

Major Cities in Peru

Lima

(capital and the largest city; located in the valleys of the

Chillón

,

Rímac

and

Lurín

rivers, overlooking the Pacific Ocean)Arequipa (city has close trade ties with Chile, Bolivia and Brazil)Trujillo ( site of the great prehistoric

Moche

and

Chimu

cultures ; Chan

Chan - archaeological site)Chiclayo ( Northern Wari ruins, - the remains of a city from the 7-12th century Wari Empire)

Piura

(great spots for surfers, like

Mancora

Beach and Cabo Blanco)

Iquitos

( Located in the Amazon Basin, the city is along the Amazon,

Nanay

and

Itaya

rivers)

Cusco

( historic capital of the Inca Empire)

Hunancayo

(in

the

Mantaro

Valley, it is cultural and commercial center)Chimbote ( transshipment junction for the Santa River valley)Pucallpa (isolated from the rest of the country by the Amazon Rainforest and the Andes mountain range)Slide25

Facts / Attractions in PeruInextricably woven into the ancient Incan civilization, whose ancient capitol, Cusco lies within its borders.

Lake Titicaca in Southern Peru is the world’s highest navigable lake, and South America largest lake.

Hundred of feet above the Urubamba river are the ruins of Machu Picchu.

Cotahuasi

Canyon in the Arequipa region is considered one of the world’s deepest canyon at 3,535 meters deep – twice as deep as the Grand Canyon USA.

Peru’s

Huascarán

National Park has more has 27 snow-capped peaks 6,000 meters above sea level, of which El

Huascarán (6,768 meters ) is the highest.

Peru is home to the highest sand dune in the world. Cerro Blanco located in the

Sechura

Desert near the Nazca Lines.Slide26

Major Cities in Bolivia

Santa

Cruz de la Sierra

(

on

Pirai

River ; one of the fastest growing

cities

in

world

)El Alto (suburb of adjacent city of La Paz)La

Paz

(

administrative

capital)

Cochabamba

(City of Eternal Spring &

The

Garden City)

Oruro

(

Mining

city

notably

tin, tungsten, silver and copper ; located about equidistant between La Paz and Sucre) Sucre

(

constitutional

capital and

seat

of

justice

)

Tarija

(

Bolivian

Andalusia

)

Potosí

(

Highest

city

;

lies

at

the

foot

of

the

Cerro de Potosí / Rico — a

mountain being "made of" silver ore)Sacaba ( site of anti-coca eradication riots in 2002) Quillacollo (Urqupiña festival) Slide27

Facts / Attractions in Bolivia

Landlocked country that shares control of Lago Titicaca, world's highest navigable lake , with Peru

The capital of Bolivia, La Paz is the highest administrative capital city in the world

Bolivia is home to the two highest cities in the world. Potosí is the highest, and La Paz is the second highest.

The

Salar

de

Uyuni

salt beds contain the largest deposit of salt on the planet. The largest deposit of lithium in the world is found under all that salt.Bolivia has the world’s largest butterfly sanctuary.Bolivia is also home to the

El

Cerro

Mutún

, world's largest iron ore mine and extends across the border into Brazil, where it is called "

Serrania Mutún"Tiwanaku or Tiahuanaco is most important civilizations prior to the Inca Empire Cordillera Real are range of fold mountains, largely composed of granite, is located southeast of Lake Titicaca. Slide28

Major Cities in Ecuador

Guayaquil

(nation's main port - the largest city; located on Guayas River)

Quito

(closest

capital city to the equator ; in the

Guayllabamba

river basin, on the slopes of Pichincha)

Cuenca (On confluence of 4 rivers - Tomebamba

,

Yanuncay

,

Tarqui

and Machangara)Santo Domingo (lies in the foothills of the Andes and important stopping point on the road from Quito to the Pacific coast)Machala (Commercial center - large trade in bananas, coffee & cocoa)

Durán

(near the confluence of

Daule

&

Babahoyo

rivers, where Guayas River begins)

Manta

(largest seaport in Ecuador)

Portoviejo

(city of the "Royal Tamarind Trees" )

Loja

(Music and Cultural Capital of Ecuador)

Ambato

(nicknamed City of Flowers and Fruit, Cradle of the Three

Juans

and Garden of Ecuador)Slide29

Facts /Attractions in Ecuador

Ecuador has many active volcanoes and also, one of the greatest densities of volcanoes in the world.

Ecuador was the first nation in 2008 to declare that nature has constitutional rights.

The Galapagos Islands are where Charles Darwin noticed the diversity of species and began to study evolution.

Mount Chimborazo at 6,268

mts

is the highest mountain in Ecuador, while the lowest point is formed by Pacific Ocean.

Because the Earth is not a perfect sphere, but bulges at the Equator, the peak of Chimborazo is also the furthest point from the center of the Earth and the closest to the sun.

Chimborazo Volcano, at 6310, forms the highest point in Ecuador,

The currency that was used before adapting to the US Dollar was called Sucre

.Slide30

Facts /Attractions in Ecuador.. Cont

Cotopaxi is the highest active volcano in world.

Ecuador exports more bananas than any other country in the world.

Manta, Ecuador claims to be the Tuna Capital of the World.

Quinine, the first drug used to prevent and treat malaria, is obtained from the bark of the cinchona tree that grows in Ecuador.

Almost 60 per cent of the world’s high grade “fine cocoa” is produced on farms surrounding the coastal city of Guayaquil – an output that makes it the world’s capital of the sweet delicacy.

Panama hats are of Ecuadorian origin – the world’s finest ‘Panama hats’ are handmade in

Montecristi

, Ecuador. Slide31

Major Cities in Columbia

Bogotá

(capital and called "The Athens of South America" ; The Gold Museum, the largest collection of pre-Columbian gold in the world)

Medellín

(industrial capital of Colombia)

Cali

(

only major city with access to Pacific

coast)

Barranquilla

(

largest city and port in the northern Caribbean Coast region of Colombia)

Cartagena (walled city and fortress - UNESCO) Cúcuta (in proximity to Colombia-Venezuela border)

Soledad

(in proximity to Barranquilla)

Ibagué

(music capital)

Bucaramanga

(Colombia's Beautiful City)

Soacha

(southern edge of Bogotá)Slide32

Facts /Attractions in Columbia

Colombia is nicknamed the "gateway to South America"

Colombia does not have seasons; because it is near the equator, it has sunlight throughout the year.

Over 70% of cut flowers imported by the United States are Colombian

The name Colombia is derived from the name Christopher Columbus

Colombia produces 60% of the world's most expensive Emeralds.

Colombia is the only country in South America that has access to both the Pacific and Caribbean ocean.

Colombia has the biggest salsa festival, biggest theater festival, biggest outdoor horse parade, biggest flower parade and second biggest carnival all over the world

The national sport is called

tejo

, an ancient sport from the pre-Colombian era that looks a bit like horseshoes or shuffleboard, though of course football/soccer is the most popular sport.Slide33

Major Cities in Guayana

Georgetown

(capital of Guyana, situated on the Atlantic Ocean coast at the mouth of the

Demerara

River and it was nicknamed Garden City of the Caribbean)

Linden

(primarily a bauxite mining town)

New

Amsterdam

( port city located on the eastern bank of the

Berbice

River, upriver from its mouth at the Atlantic Ocean, and immediately south of the Canje River)Anna Regina ( historical significance related to Dutch)

Bartica

( at the confluence of the

Cuyuni

and

Mazaruni

Rivers with the Essequibo River in Guyana. Considered the "Gateway to the Interior")Slide34

Facts /Attractions in Guayana

Former

British colony is the only country in South America that has English as the official language.

The

Omai

gold mine is one of the largest open-pit gold mines in South America.

Guyana comprises the large shield landmass north of the Amazon River and east of the Orinoco River known as the "Land of many waters".

Guyana is in border disputes with Suriname, which claims the area east of the left bank of the

Corentyne

River and the New River.

Guyana is in border disputes with Venezuela which claims the land west of the Essequibo River, once the Dutch colony of Essequibo.

Kaieteur Falls is a waterfall on the Potaro River that have the combination of height and water volume, and the falls are among the most powerful waterfalls in the world with an average flow rate of 663 cubic

metres

per second (23,400 cubic feet per second).The Potaro River empties into the Essequibo River which is one of the longest and widest rivers in South America.The largest ethnic group is the Indo-Guyanese (also known as East Indians), the descendants of indentured laborers

from India. Slide35

Major Cities in Suriname

Paramaribo

(

capital

& largest city;

located on banks of the Suriname River half of Suriname's population live in this

city)

Lelydorp

(Originally called Kofi Djompo but was renamed in honor

of

Cornelis

Lely, the Dutch governor of Suriname in 1905

and responsible

for many large water construction projects in the Netherlands)Nieuw Nickerie (lies on the mouth of the Nickerie river on the Atlantic coast, opposite the mouth of the Corantijn rive ; main industries are bananas and rice)

Moengo

(major

center

for the mining and storage of bauxite)

Nieuw

Amsterdam

(situated at the confluence of the Suriname River and

Commewijne

River, just across from Paramaribo)Slide36

Facts /Attractions in Suriname

Smallest

independent country on South American continent.

Hindustani (also known locally as "East Indians"; their ancestors emigrated from northern India in the latter part of the 19th century) - 37%

The capital and largest city of Suriname is Paramaribo which is located on the banks of Suriname River

Suriname is the only country in South America where Dutch is so widely spoken and the only South American country where Dutch is the official language.

The main economy of Suriname is the bauxite industry apart from commerce. Their main trade partners are Netherlands, United States and Canada and Caribbean countries.

One of the oldest synagogues in the western hemisphere is located in Paramaribo. Slide37

Major Cities in Paraguay

Asunción

( capital and

largest

city

; center of

Architecture

)Ciudad del Este (Triple Frontier city - is

a

tri-border

area

along the junction of Paraguay, Argentina, and Brazil, where the Iguazú and Paraná rivers converge.

San Lorenzo

(

suburb

of

Asuncion

)

Luque (

headquarters

of CONMEBOL - South American

Football

Confederation

)

Capiatá Slide38

Facts /Attractions in Paraguay

Paraguay

is commonly referred as “The heart of America” because it is located right in the middle of the continent

They have 2 official languages: Spanish and Guaraní. Mostly speak Guarani.

One

of only two landlocked countries in South America…the other is Bolivia

The

Itaipu

dam that is built across the Parana River that forms Paraguay’s south-eastern border ie Brazil houses the world’s largest hydroelectric power plant. This power plant at the Itaipu

Dam generates almost all the electricity for the entire country.

There are more than 275 individual cascade within the Iguacu Falls which spans the River Iguacu. These falls are twice the width of the Niagara Falls and taller than it as well.Slide39

Major Cities in Uruguay

Montevideo

(capital and

largest

city

,

chief port, Salto ( Salto Grande Bridge,

built

on

top of

the Salto Grande Dam, joins this to city of Concordia in Argentina)Ciudad de la Costa

(

an

extension

of

the

metropolitan

area

of Montevideo)

Paysandú

(General Artigas Bridge links

with

Argentina's

city Colón)Las Piedras (wider metropolitan area of Montevideo)Slide40

Facts /Attractions in Uruguay

Uruguay is the second-smallest South American country (after Suriname);

Mostly

of the low-lying landscape (three-quarters of the country) is grassland, ideal for cattle and sheep raising.

Often called the Switzerland of South America for a stable democracy and social benefits such as free education.

Uruguay also has a coast likened to the Riviera

Montevideo hosted all of the matches during the first FIFA World Cup.Slide41

Major Cites in French Guiana

( French Overseas territory)

Cayenne

(Capital)

Matoury

(

international

airport

of French

Guiana) Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni (Sugarcane industry city

)

Kourou

(

lies

the

Guiana

Space

Centre, France and

the

ESA's

main

spaceport)Remire-Montjoly (French Guiana's main seaport, the port of Dégrad des Cannes)Slide42

Facts /Attractions in French Guiana

By

land area, it is by far the largest overseas region of France.

Home

for the Guiana Space Centre, the main spaceport for France and now the European Space Agency's primary launch site near the equator.

This place is synonymous with Devil's Island, where prisoners used to be held in solitary confinement. French scientists now work at the aerospace complex and populate Devil's Island.

The Maroni river It originates in the

Tumuk

Humak Mountains and forms the (disputed) border between French Guiana and Suriname.The

Oyapock

River forms most of the border between French Guiana and the Brazil.

The beaches of French Guiana are often used as turtle nesting sites, notably as one of the largest worldwide for the Leatherback turtle.Slide43

Facts of Falkland Islands

Archipelago in the

South Atlantic Ocean

on the

Patagonian Shelf

.

The

Argentinian-UK

has dispute over the control on Falkland Islands

Oil companies have huge hopes for the island's offshore oil reserves

.

Most of these people are Falkland Islanders (known as "

kelpers

"), are of British descent . Total population is around 3000 , sheep population is 500,000 The archipelago, comprises East Falkland controlled by UK with Stanley as capital, West Falkland controlled by Argentina. Slide44

Facts of South Georgia & South Sandwich Islands

South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands are a collection of islands in the

South Atlantic

Ocean

British Antarctic Survey maintain scientific bases at

Bird Island

and at the capital,

King Edward

Point

King Edward Point is the capital of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands with port facilities on the northeastern coast of the island of South Georgia. Located in

Cumberland East Bay

.

Grytviken

is a settlement in the British territory of South Georgia in the South Atlantic and is the best harbour

on the island, consisting of a bay (

King Edward Cove

) within a bay (

Cumberland East Bay

).Slide45

National Parks

Galápagos

National Park

(Ecuador) - Charles Darwin Research Station ; Tortuga Bay, located on the Santa Cruz Island.

Torres

del Paine

(Chile) - located in the inland of

Última

Esperanza Province and Magallanes Region in South.Manu

National Park

(Peru) - protects several ecological zones in parts of the Southwest Amazon moist forests to Peruvian

Yungas

at middle elevations to Central Andean wet

puna. Tayrona Natural National Park (Colombia) - A protected area in the Colombian northern Caribbean region presenting a biodiversity endemic to the area of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta mountain range

Sajama

National Park

(Bolivia) - Lies within the Central Andean dry

puna

ecoregion. It contains the snowy cone of the volcano Sajama, the highest mountain in Bolivia.

Iguazú

National Park

(Brazil-Argentina) - contains one of the greatest natural beauties of Argentina, the

Iguazu

Falls, surrounded by the subtropical jungle.

Canaima

National Park

(Venezuela) - south-eastern Venezuela that borders Brazil and Guyana. Famous place in it is Mount Roraima, the tallest and easiest to climb, and

Auyantepui

, the site of Angel Falls.Slide46

UNESCO

Galapagos Islands, Ecuador

- Remote Pacific Islands that helped Charles Darwin develop his now famous evolution theory in the early 1800s.

Machu

Picchu, Peru

- A pre-Columbian stronghold, was abandoned and forgotten for centuries until 1911 when it was discovered buried under dense greenery.

Iguazu

Falls , Argentina & Brazil - Plummets over a 2 mile rim into a deep gorge. The Devil's Throat section is particularly breathtaking.

Amazon

Rain Forest, Brazil & Peru

- The Amazon Rain Forest is a vast jungle networked by mighty rivers and small tributaries - and the home of exotic vegetation and wildlife.

Easter

Island, Chile - Head statues chiseled from volcanic rockSlide47

UNESCO .. Cont..

Rio

panoramic views

- Provide two of the world's most splendid vistas, one from Corcovado Mountain and the other from the Sugar Loaf pinnacle.

Carnival

in Rio, Brazil

- A million tourists and cariocas (Rio de Janeiro citizens) participate in the merrymaking in lively street parades and masquerade balls at carnival time.

Angel

Falls, Venezuela - world's highest waterfall. The isolated location of Angel Falls helped keep this wonder a secret from the outside world until the 1930s.

Nazca

Lines, Peru

- The Nazca Lines are geometric shapes and animal figures etched into a huge expanse of a desert floor by an ancient civilization. These artworks are so large that they can be recognized from the air, but not on ground level.

Torres

del Paine, Chile - The Torres del Paine National Park near the southern tip of South America is blessed with wondrous mountains, among other natural beauties.Slide48

Mountains & Peaks

Aconcagua

in Andes , Argentina - highest mountain in the Western and Southern Hemispheres.

Nevado

Ojos del Salado

, a stratovolcano in Andes on Argentina–Chile border and highest active volcano in the

world

Chimborazo

, Ecuador - farthest point on the Earth's surface from the Earth's center.

Huascarán

, Cordillera Blanca range of Andes in Peru - 2nd farthest from the Earth's

center,closely

behind

ChimborazoMonte Pissis - an extinct volcano in Argentina in the Atacama Desert region Cotopaxi is a stratovolcano in the Andes Mountains, Ecuador, South America- Consider it the world's highest active volcano Slide49

Mountains & Peaks.. Cont..

Llullaillaco

is a stratovolcano at the border of Argentina and Chile. 2nd highest volcano in the

world

Alpamayo

- conspicuous peaks in the Cordillera Blanca of the Peruvian Andes. Named after the river

Allpamayu

Janq'u Uma , Bolivia - located in the northern section of the Cordillera Real, part of the Andes, east of Lake Titicaca.

Mount Roraima

, the tallest and easiest to climb in

Canaima

National Park where Angel Falls, which is the highest waterfall in the world. Slide50

Lakes

Lake

Titicaca

, Peru - Bolivia

Lake

Maraciabo

, Venezuela

Nahuel Huapi Lake, Argentina

O'Higgins/San Martín Lake

, Argentina - Deepest in the Americas

General Carrera Lake

(Chilean side) or

Lake Buenos Aires (Argentine side) is a lake located in Patagonia and shared by Argentina and Chile.Fagnano Lake or Lake

Cami

, located on the main island of the Tierra del Fuego archipelago, and shared by Argentina and Chile.

Laguna

del

Carbón

- Argentina - a salt lake & is the lowest point in both the Western and Southern Hemispheres

Lake

Chungara

,

Chile

Lake

Llanquihue

, Chile

Laguna

Guatavita

- Bogotá, Colombia Canaima Lagoon,

VenezuelaSlide51

Deserts

Atacama

Desert – Chile and Peru - driest non-polar desert in the world is a plateau covering a

1,000

kms

strip

of land on the Pacific coast, west of

the Andes.

La Guajira Desert – a desert in northern Colombia and Venezuela - Holds immense coal reserves, known as El Cerrejon. Home to the indigenous

Wayuu

people by

Caribbean

Sea

.Monte Desert – in Argentina, a smaller desert southeast of the Atacama Desert in Chile, north of the larger Patagonian Desert, east of the Andes and west of the Sierra de Córdoba.Patagonian Desert – the largest desert in the Americas, located in Argentina and Chile. The Andes, to the desert's west, are the primary reason for the Patagonian desert status as they inhibit the westerly flow of moisture from the southern Pacific from reaching inland.

Sechura

Desert or

Nazca

Desert - Described as the strip along the northern Pacific coast of Peru and extending from the coast 20–100 km inland to the secondary ridges of the Andes Mountains. Slide52

MiscellaneousThe

Río de la Plata

behaves as an estuary in which freshwater and seawater mix

. The

Río de la Plata widens from about 2

kms

at the inner part to about 220

kms at its mouth. It forms part of the border between Argentina and Uruguay, with the major ports and capital cities of Buenos Aires and Montevideo on its western and northern shores, respectively. The coasts of the Río de la Plata are the most densely populated areas of Argentina and Uruguay.The

Yungas

is a stretch of forest along the eastern slope of the Andes Mountains from Peru, Bolivia and northern Argentina

.

Tierre de Fuego at the bottom of South America by straight of MagellanAntiplano is a plateau found in Bolivia

.

Chaco

Plain

or

Gran Chaco

is a sparsely populated, hot and semi-arid lowland natural region of the Río de la Plata basin - Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina and Brazil between Andes and

Pantanals

.

La

Selva

, the lowland Amazonian regions within the Andean nations of Ecuador and Peru