WHII15 Warmup How have the five world religions had a profound impact on culture and civilization What are some characteristics of the five major world religions Monotheism Belief in only one God ID: 697021
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Slide1
Major World Religions
SOL
WHII.15Slide2Slide3
Warm-up:
How have the five world religions had a profound impact on culture and civilization?
What are some characteristics of the five major world religions?Slide4
Monotheism
Belief in only one God
Three monotheistic religions
Judaism
Christianity
IslamSlide5
JUDAISM
Semitic Religion
Based on the history of Hebrews (who were an ethnic group from the Fertile Crescent)
Hebrew God=Yaweh
Holy Text=TorahSlide6
JUDAISM HISTORY
Hebrews originated in Mesopotamia around the Fertile
Crescent
Abraham—covenant with God
From there they went to Canaan or Palestine
Forced to Egypt—enslaved
Moses leads from slavery
Return to Palestine
(present day Israel)–believe
God promised land to them
David was king who united Hebrew tribesSlide7
JUDAISM-BELIEFS
Hebrew beliefs=religion of Judaism
Monotheistic
Basis=laws that governed daily life
Ten Commandments
Rabbis
DiasporaSlide8
JEWISH INFORMATION
Belief in the messiah
Mitzvoth
Branches of Judaism
Orthodox
ConservativeSlide9
JEWISH RITUALS
Circumcision
Bar/Bat mitzvah
Death=usually no cremation or embalming
Funeral w/in 1-2 days in wooden casket
Kippah or YamekahSlide10
JEWISH HOLIDAYS
Chanukah
Rosh Hashanah
Yom Kippur
PassoverSlide11
Where in the world can we find Judaism?
Concentrated in Israel, Europe, North America and the Middle EastSlide12
CHRISTIANITY HISTORY
Emerged from the Roman Empire
Emerged as a result of
Jesus (Son of God)
Life of Jesus=Gospels (1
st
4 books of New Testament)
Christianity began as a sect of JudaismSlide13
CHRISTIANITY--Jesus
Jesus-the messiah
Disciples
Moved to JerusalemSlide14
Similarities/Differences in Jesus’ teaching and Judaism
SIMILARITIES
Monotheistic
Ten Commandments
Laws of Moses
DIFFERENCES
Jesus is the Son of God
Jesus is the Messiah
Jesus could provide salvation and eternal life for believers
Preached forgiveness
Christians belief in TrinitySlide15
JESUS’ LIFE
Feared by Jewish priests
Feared by Roman leaders
Betrayed by a disciple
Arrested by Romans
Tried by
Pontius
Pilate
Condemned and Executed by
Crucifixion
Paul—spread ChristianitySlide16Slide17
Where in the world can we find Christianity?
Concentrated in Europe and the Middle EastSlide18
Warm-up:
Why are the cities of Mecca and Medina important to Muslims?Slide19
ISLAM
Arabian Peninsula-major trade route
Mecca—market and location of the Kaa’ba
Monotheistic Religion
MedinaSlide20
Muhammad’s Life
Successful merchant
Married Kadejah/raised by an uncle
At 40-met angel Gabriel in a cave while meditating
Was told to spread the word of God or Allah
Islam—submission
Muhammad and followers were forced to leave MeccaSlide21
Muhammad’s Life (cont.)
In 622, journey to Medina—hijra
1
st
year of Muslim calendar
In 630,returned to Mecca—destroyed statues in kaa’ba
Spread by caliphsSlide22
Religious Principles
Monotheistic religion
God is called Allah
Holy Book=Koran (Quran)
Judgment Day
Five Pillars
Jihad
Harsh penalties for crimes
No pork or alcoholSlide23
Five Pillars
1. Declaration of Faith
2. Daily Prayer
3. Alms
4. Fasting
5. HajjSlide24
DIFFERENT SECTS
Sunni Muslims
Largest group
Traditional path
Islamic leader DOES NOT need to be a direct descendant of Muhammad
Elect caliphs based on ability
Entire Islamic community to be judged on the Day of JudgmentSlide25
DIFFERENT SECTS
Shi’ite Muslims
Believe that only descendants of Ali should lead Islam
Believe that the Imam is the only person that can guide a Muslim to salvationSlide26
RITUALS AND RITES OF PASSAGE
Celebration of birth
Men and women usually do not mingle together
Polygamy—up to 4 wives
Death is marked by simplicitySlide27
Where in the world can we find Islam?
Located in parts of Asia, Africa, and southern EuropeSlide28
What are the Five Pillars of Islam?Slide29
Monotheistic ReligionsSlide30
Monotheistic ReligionsSlide31
HINDUISM
No single founder
No single text
Religion based on compilation of many beliefs and many people
Hundreds of gods and goddesses—Many forms of one
deity (God)
Numerous ways to worshipSlide32
BASIC BELIEFS
Polytheistic (some consider it monotheistic?)
Important gods: Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva
Gods can be in human or animal form
Believe in atman
Ultimate goal is to reach moksha
Reincarnation
Dharma—duties
Karma—Knowledge that all thoughts and actions result in future consequences
All life is rankedSlide33
CASTE SYSTEM
1. Brahmans
2. Kastriyas
3. Vaisyas
4. Sudras
5. UntouchablesSlide34
Principles of Hinduism
Vedas and Upanishads
Nonviolent
Cleanliness/ritual
bathing (Ganges River)
Pilgrimage
Name ceremony for new baby
Ear piercing ceremony
Hair cut
Rite of passage ceremony
Marriages are arranged
Cremation at deathSlide35
Where in the world can we find Hinduism?
Located in India and part of Southeast AsiaSlide36
Buddhism
Grew out of Hinduism—spread of Buddhism
from
India to China as a result of Asoka’s missionaries and their writings
Founder =
Siddartha
Gautama
Gautama was a Prince
Sheltered in a castle—in luxury
He left the castle and saw suffering
Meditated beneath a fig tree (48 days)
Realized causes of suffering—became known as Buddha-”Enlightened One”Slide37
Buddhism
4 Noble Truths
Eightfold Path
Nirvana
ReincarnationSlide38
Similarities and Differences of Buddhism to Hinduism
Similarities
Honesty
Charity
Kindness
Nonviolence
Differences
No formal rituals
No polytheism
No god
Just a spirit of the universeSlide39
Buddhism
Followers established monasteries/convents
Birth
ceremony
Dalai Lama—most sacred religious leader within BuddhismSlide40
Where in the world can we find Buddhism?
Located in East and Southeast Asia (China)Slide41
Hinduism/BuddhismSlide42Slide43
Create a Map
Using the map provided please identify the world religions
Color code your map using colored pencilsSlide44
Location of the World’s Major Religions