Power & Subjugation - PowerPoint Presentation

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Power & Subjugation

In the Islamic Middle EastThen and Now

Leo A. Gher, Professor Emeritus

Southern Illinois UniversitySlide2
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Islamic Middle East

–

Then & Now

Consultant to

U.A.E. & ART television

satellite networks

Training

professional broadcasters in

Egypt

, Saudi Arabia,

Kuwait

, among

others:

Al

-Jazeera TV

Egyptian

Radio & TV

Arab

Radio and TV

Jordan

Television Slide8
Slide9

East & West … Muslim & Christian

Leo & Conrad training media professionals class at

Helwan

Employees or soon-to-be employees of Orbit, MBC, Egyptian R-TV Union, ART, MBC and

Al

-Jazeera

Islamic Middle East

–

Then & NowSlide10

Islamic Middle East

–

Then & Now

Then

…Slide11

Islamic Middle East

–

Then & Now

September 11, 2001Slide12
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Leo

NOW?

Where do we stand?

…

the higgledy-piggledy torchbearerSlide24
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Leo

A Tinderbox

…

and Failure of Policy

…

the higgledy-piggledy torchbearerSlide26

Islamic Middle East

–

Then & Now

TERRORISM

is

SPREADING

US State

Department Report (2017),

number

of

foreign

terrorist groups has increased

from

28

in

2002

…

to 44 in

2009

… to 61

today

!Slide27

Islamic Middle East

–

Then & Now

Source: START

–

Global Terrorism Data

In fact, Terrorist Incidents are on the Upswing!Slide28

Islamic Middle East

–

Then & Now

Source: START

–

Global Terrorism Data

Terrorist attacks are mostly centralized, occurring in five countries: Iraq, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Nigeria, and SyriaSlide29

Islamic Middle East

–

Then & Now

WORLDWIDE REFUGEE CRISES

P

eople displaced is

the highest since World War

II

Currently, 65

million people are

refugees

12

million Syrians

have

been forced from

homesSlide30

Islamic Middle East

–

Then & Now

European Union asylum

seekers by age, 2000

-2016Slide31

Islamic Middle East

–

Then & NowSlide32

Islamic Middle East

–

Then & Now

So, what has happened?

Arab Spring

| Syrian collapse | Rise

of

ISIS

F

all

of the

elected

government in Egypt Authoritarianism in Turkeyand

S

hrinking

influence of

Pax

AmericanaThe West is held responsible!Slide33

Islamic Middle East

–

Then & Now

United Nations R

eport revealed

…

70

% increase in civilian casualties from American

airstrikes!

in

Afghanistan during the first six months of

2017Slide34

Islamic Middle East

–

Then & Now

In Yemen

…

coalition bombings have yielded similar results.Slide35

Islamic Middle East

–

Then & Now

Identified

…

daily

USA bomb

debrisSlide36

Islamic Middle East

–

Then & Now

Democracy declines by 29.6% - 2000 to 2016Slide37

Islamic Middle East

–

Then & Now

Authoritarian regimes have

broadened control

over

legislatures

…

Have taken

over

most political institutions

Abdel Fattah el-

Sisi in Egypt

Recep Erdogan

in

Turkey

Nouri

Abusahmain in Lybia

Vladimir Putin in Russia Viktor Orban in Hungary Nicolás Maduro in Venezuela Slide38

Civilizations

Nation-states that are actual democracies todaySlide39

Islamic Middle East

–

Then & Now

a failure of policy

…

Why?

Slide40

Leo

As you have seen and witnessed, the Islamic

World has changed noticeably in the last quarter-century!

What NOW?

Why?

What’s

next?

…

eager guide

–

higgledy-piggledy torchbearerSlide41

1)

Muhammad Times (570-632 CE

)

2) Rashidun Caliphate

(632-

661 CE

)

3) Umayyad

Caliphate

(661-750

CE

)

4) Abbasid

Caliphate

(751-1258 CE)

5) Ottoman Empire

(1453-1918 CE)

Rise to POWER

ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION THROUGH TIMESlide42

Under

Muhammad* Medina

*

Mecca

Rise to

POWERSlide43

Rashidun

Caliphate* Medina

*

Mecca

*

Mecca

Rise to

POWERSlide44

Umayyad

Caliphate

Rise to

POWERSlide45

Abbasid

Caliphate

Rise to

POWERSlide46

Ottoman

EmpireRise to POWERSlide47

Post-WW I Collapse (1918-1948 CE)

Fall to

SUBJUGATION

ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION THROUGH RECENT TIME

The surviving

Islamic Caliphate

–

the Ottoman Empire

–

fell with other “Central Powers” to a new world

order

Allied

Powers

–

notably England, France, and Russia

–

constructed “modern” nation-states out the old Islamic civilization

Including (eventually) a Jewish state,

Israel

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1918-1948:

in the Middle East

1918

–

Middle East theater

of World War

I (5 million deaths)

1924

–

Druze War (Druze and Alawite States)

1936

–

British forces occupy Egypt (to protect the Suez Canal

)

1937

–

Dersim

Rebellion (Kurds; 70,000 deaths) 1941 – Iraqi coup leads to the British invasion of Iraq 1941 – Allied invasion of Syria–Lebanon 1941

–

Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran

1941

–

Operation Crusader | British vs. German in North Africa

1942

–

Battle of El Alamein

1942

–

Occupation of Persian Corridor

1943

–

Allied forces invade Tunisia

Fall to

SUBJUGATION

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Post-WW II Intervention (1949-1988 CE)

Fall to

SUBJUGATION

ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION THROUGH RECENT TIME

1947

–

Arab–Israeli

conflict (80,000 deaths)

1947

–

United

Nations plan to partition Palestine

1948

–

Zionist leadership declared the State of Israel

1949

–

Nakba

: 800,000 Palestinians fled Israel

1953

–

USA/British coupe

installs Pahlavi in Iran

1956

–

Suez War

1967

–

Six-Day War

1973

–

Yom Kippur War

1978

–

Russia invades Afghanistan

1982

–

Lebanon War

1988

–

Iraq-Iran War (1,150,000 deaths) Slide50

Treaty of Sèvres, 1920,

acts on Sykes-Picot

Drawing lines

in the

sand

…Slide51

1989 to present

– War on Terrorism/War on Islam

Fall to

SUBJUGATION

ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION

–

A “NOW TIME” LOOK

1989

– Russia withdraws from Afghanistan

…

1990

–

USA leads forces into the Gulf

War

1992

–

ME accepts

Islamism, promoted

by Iran’s Shia clerics

and

by the powerful

Wahhabist

sect of Saudi Arabia

1998

–

U.S. embassy

bombings/USS

Cole bombing

2001

–

September 11 attack in New York

2001

–

Operation Enduring Freedom – Afghanistan

2002

–

Operation Enduring Freedom – Philippines

2003

–

Iraq War begins (500,000+ deaths)

2011

–

Syrian War begins (470,000 deaths/11 million refugees)

Present day

–

ISIS crisis